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Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Learn how cellular respiration converts chemicals to energy, involving redox reactions, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain. Explore principles of energy conservation and metabolic versatility.

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Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

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  1. Cellular Respiration:Harvesting Chemical Energy Principles of energy conservation The process of cellular respiration Related metabolic processes 6O2 +C6H 12O 6  6H2O + 6CO 2 + energy

  2. Fermentation and Respiration • Cells are open systems • Catabolic processes • Fermentation 1) usually anaerobic 2) partially degrades sugars • Cellular respiration 1) aerobic 2) O2 ultimate e- acceptor

  3. Redox Reactions • Reduction: gain of electrons • Oxidation: loss of electrons • Cellular respiration is a redox process

  4. Coenzymes are intermediate energy carriers • Found in all cells • Assist enzymes in energy transfer • NAD and FAD • Join with H+ and e- • Many coenzymes are vitamins

  5. Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • Krebs cycle • Electron transport chain

  6. Glycolysis • Catabolic pathway • “To split sugar” • Glucose + 2ATP2 pyruvates + 4ATP + 2NADH • Occurs in cytosol • Anaerobic process • 10 step pathway

  7. Intermediate Reaction(Oxidative Decarboxylation) • Occurs if O2 is present • 2 Pyruvate2 CO2 + 2 NADH + 2 Acetate • Attaches acetate to CoA  Acetyl CoA

  8. Krebs Cycle • In mitochondrial matrix • Oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 • Products include: 2 ATP + 6 NADH + 2 FAD + 4 CO2 • 8 step pathway

  9. The Electron Transport Chain • Embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane • Most ETC molecules are proteins • Primary ATP generating pathway • Produces ATP via Substrate Level Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis

  10. Chemiosmosis: the energy coupling mechanism • Electron flow actively transports H+ from the matrix into the intermembrane space • Flow of H+ “down the gradient” thru the ATP synthase complex generates ATP

  11. ATP Synthase: A molecular mill • Made of: rotor, stator, rod, and knob • See fig. 9.14 on page 171.

  12. Regulation of Cell Respiration • Feedback mechanism • Allosteric enzyme-phosphofructo- kinase • Citrate and ATP are the inhibitors • ADP and AMP are allosteric activators

  13. Related Metabolic Processes(The versatility of catabolism) • Can use proteins, fats and polysaccharides • Monomers of fats and proteins enter pathways at various points • Can result in generation of energy or biosynthesis of new molecules

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