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8.1 Energy and Life

8.1 Energy and Life. Biology. I. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs. Energy is the ability to do work Need to use and obtain energy or living things will die Energy comes from food or sun Autotrophs Use light energy to make their own food Plants, some bacteria. Heterotrophs

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8.1 Energy and Life

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  1. 8.1 Energy and Life Biology

  2. I. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs • Energy is the ability to do work • Need to use and obtain energy or living things will die • Energy comes from food or sun • Autotrophs • Use light energy to make their own food • Plants, some bacteria

  3. Heterotrophs • Organisms that cannot make their own food • Eat food to get energy • Example: us, leopards, etc • Can also be decomposers • Ex: mushrooms, fungi

  4. II. Chemical energy and ATP • Energy has many forms like heat, light, electricity • Also in the form of chemical compounds • To release energy from chemical compounds, bonds are broken that hold the elements together • ATP (adenosine triphosphate) • Cellular energy • Made of adenine (sugar), ribose (sugar), and 3 phosphates

  5. Storing energy • ADP (adenosine diphosphate) only 2 phosphates attached • When a cell has energy, it can store it by adding a 3rd phosphate to make ATP

  6. Releasing Energy • To release energy in ATP, the last bond that holds the 3rd phosphate is broken • Energy is released

  7. III. Using biochemical energy • Uses of ATP • Active transport • Making proteins and nucleic acids • Produce light (firefly) • Cell only keeps a small amount of ATP on hand • Its more efficient • Make more energy by using the food we take in • Cellular energy is created in the mitochondria

  8. Photosynthesis Equation • Carbon dioxide + water + light glucose (C6H12O6) + oxygen

  9. Light and Pigments • Plants use sun’s energy to go thru photosynthesis • Pigments in plants help to absorb light • Pigment-light absorbing molecule • Main pigment • chlorophyll

  10. Lights and Pigments • The color you see is reflected • Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs reds and blues very well • Other pigments are present • Xanthophylls (reflect yellow) and carotene (orange)

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