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What do you think the difference is between “primary” and “secondary” materials?

QUAESTIO: How do we know what we know about ancient Pompeii and the ancient Romans? NUNC AGENDA: Answer these questions in your notebooks: 1.What objects, materials, and other stuff can we study to learn about ancient Romans? 2. What do you think the phrase “material culture” means?.

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What do you think the difference is between “primary” and “secondary” materials?

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  1. QUAESTIO: How do we know what we know about ancient Pompeii and the ancient Romans?NUNC AGENDA: Answer these questions in your notebooks:1.What objects, materials, and other stuff can we study to learn about ancient Romans?2. What do you think the phrase “material culture” means?

  2. What do you think the difference is between “primary” and “secondary” materials? Primary: things from ancient times Secondary: things written recently ABOUT ancient times

  3. Primary Stuff What are some “Primary” sources

  4. Primary source material

  5. Primary source material

  6. Athletic equipment: jumping weights, javelin point, discus, strigil

  7. Coin of Emperor Gaius “Caligula”with his sisters representing Security, Harmony, and Fortune. Coin of Emperor Traianus Decius (249-251 AD), “The Good-Fortune of this Age!”

  8. Primary source material

  9. Partially excavated miniature vases and figurines from Orchomenos in Greece

  10. Sorted pottery sherds from an excavation in southern Turkey await cataloging

  11. Primary Sources • Pottery

  12. Primary source material • Written Documents • Papyrus (also bark, wood) • There are about 55,000 catalogued papyri • What is on them?

  13. Primary source material

  14. Papyrus from 221 BC written in Greek (there are few papyri written in Latin) petitioning King Ptolemy of Egypt for an official land surveyor to settle a dispute between neighbors.

  15. Birthday party invitation from ca 100 AD, found written on tree bark at Vindolanda, Roman fortress in northern Britain

  16. Primary source material

  17. Primary source material Epigraphy

  18. Primary source material • Written Documents • Texts (transmission of ancient literary works) • Genres: poetry, comedy, tragedy, history, philosophy, speeches, novels, biography • Estimations: 90-95% of all literature written between Homer (8th c. BC and St. Augustine (d. 430 AD) has been lost.

  19. textual stemma, showing the diverging paths a single original manuscript may take

  20. Secondary Sources • Modern studies of the primary materials • Classical education (Latin and Greek) a part of Western education since Middle Ages, greater role in Renaissance, develops into university Classical Studies Departments especially 19th and 20th centuries

  21. Our Lesson Pottery Epigraphy

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