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How quarks came to Kraków?

How quarks came to Kraków?. Krzysztof Fiałkowski Jagellonian University. Introduction. First appearance of quarks: M. Gell-Mann, Phys. Lett. 8 (1964) 214 (name from James Joyce’s Finnegan’s Wake ; „aces” of Zweig lost the competition).

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How quarks came to Kraków?

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  1. How quarks came to Kraków? Krzysztof Fiałkowski Jagellonian University

  2. Introduction • First appearance of quarks: M. Gell-Mann, Phys. Lett.8 (1964) 214 (name from James Joyce’s Finnegan’s Wake; „aces” of Zweig lost the competition). • Early 70’s: in a mock paper on the spin analysis of photoproduction in Lipkin’s „Journal of Irreproducible Results” one of the references reads: • „A. Bialas and K. Zalewski, Jagellmanian University preprint, Cwarkow” • How did Kraków and its University get such names,and who was „responsible” for it?

  3. First Cracow Summer Schools • Turbacz 1961 • Kalatówki 1962 • Chochołowska 1963 • Szczawnica 1964 • Zakopane 1965 • Kalatówki 1966 No quarks yet! Andrzej’s talks: ‘61-’63 on general relativity; (‘64-’65 in CERN), ‘66 on „Coherent Interactions at High Energy”.

  4. First appearances of quarks at Zakopane School • Kalatówki 1967: J. Rayski: A Dynamical Theory of Quarks, J. Werle: Some Aspects of the Quark Model • Kalatówki 1968: • Białas and K. Zalewski: The quark model • Kalatówki 1969: K. Zalewski: Quark model (collisions) E. Obryk: Quark model (structure)

  5. First papers on quark model for cross-sections • E.M. Levin and L.L. Frankfurt: JETP 2(1965) 105 • H.J. Lipkin and F. Scheck: Phys. Rev. Lett. 16 (1966) 71 The relations for the total cross-sections from the additivity assumption for the elastic amplitudes (via optical theorem). How about other cross-sections?

  6. More QM for two-body processes • G. Alexander, H.J. Lipkin and F. Scheck, Phys.Rev. Lett. 17 (1966) 412 – charge and strangeness exchange processes • C. Itzykson and M. Jacob, Nuovo Cimento 48A (1967) 909; J.L. Friar and J.S. Trefil, Nuovo Cimento 49 (1967) 642 - spin

  7. First Kraków (and Andrzej’s) papers on quarks • A. Bialas, A. Gula and B. Muryn, Phys. Lett. B24 (1967) 428 – spin correlations in QM, choice of Lorentz frame • A. Bialas, A. Gula and B. Muryn, Acta Phys. Pol. 32 (1967) 443 – QM for elastic and inelastic charge exchange processes • A. Bialas and K. Zalewski, Phys. Lett. B26 (1968) 170 – joint decay distibutions in QM

  8. „Brilliant review of QM applied to the inelastic processes” (J.J.J. Kokkedee, The quark model) • A. Białas and K. Zalewski: Systematics of the relations following from the quark model, Nucl. Phys. B6 (1968) (I) Relations between different cross-sections, p. 449; (II) Constraints on decay distributions of resonances, p. 469; (III) Comparison of decay distributions of resonances produced in different reactions, p. 478; (IV) Photoproduction (with A. Guła and B. Muryn), p.483.

  9. Other Kraków papers on quarks • A. Białas and A. Eskreys, JU preprint TPJU-10/68 – VM production at high energy and the QM; • B. Gorczyca, Acta Phys. Pol. 33 (1968) 471 – QM for strangeness exchange; • K. Fiałkowski and K. Zalewski, Acta Phys. Pol. 34 (1968) 521- simplified derivation of the QM spin predictions; • A. Kotański and K. Zalewski, Nucl. Phys. B12 (1969) 72 – QM and scalar amplitudes for two-body processes; Phys. Lett. B29 (1969) 596 – polarization experiments and additive QM;Nucl. Phys. B13 (1969) 119 – QM predictions for joint decay distributions; • A. Białas and K. Zalewski, Phys. Lett. B30 (1969) 109 – QM for „forbidden peaks”; • K. Fiałkowski, Acta Phys. Pol. 36 (1969) 491, 1007 - QM and exchange degeneracy; Acta Phys. Pol. B1 (1970) 375 - QM and line reversal symmetry breaking; • A. Kotański and K. Zalewski, Nucl. Phys. B15 (1970) 242 – QM predictions for decay distributions of resonances from 0-1/2+->1-3/2+; Acta Phys. Pol. B1 (1970) 37 – QM predictions for photoproduction of resonances • A. Białas and O. Czyżewski, Phys. Lett. B35 (1971) 576 – QM for the Inclusive reactions. • A. Białas and A. Kotański, Nucl. Phys. B19 (1970) 667 – QM for the polarization of L and S from decay of Y* produced in two-body processes • A. Białas, A. Kotański and K. Zalewski, Nucl. Phys. B28 (1971) 1 – AQM in Jackson frame...

  10. Conclusions The answers for the questions from the first page seem rather obvious, so this is one more reason to say: Happy Birthday, Andrzej!

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