Introduction to the Microscope

1. Introduction to the Microscope Types of Microscopes Parts Focusing Care, Use, and Storage

2. Microscope Parts Ocular OcularTube RevolvingNosepiece Arm ObjectiveLens Stage StageClips Coarse Adj. Knob Diaphragm FineAdj. Knob Light Base

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4. #1 OcularTube – Reflects light up through microscope Keeps Space between lenses

5. #2 Revolving Nosepiece– Allows for quick change of objectives

6. #5 High Power Objective – The highest magnification. Usually 43 X. NEVER use the course adjustment when using this lens. Largest objective

7. #8 Light source– Use to provide light to see object on slide.

8. #7 Diaphragm – Use to vary the amount of light passing through the slide. Usually it is better if the amount of light is low.

9. Note Check Take a minute to compare your notes to those of your table partner. Do they look the same or at least similar? If not, add what you need now before we go any further!!!

10. #9 Ocular lens—The part you look through with your eye. Usually 10 X magnification.

11. #10 Arm – Used to safely transport microscope with base

12. #11 Stage – Slides are placed on this

13. #12 Coarse Adjustment – Used to make large changes in focus. NOTE: Never use this when viewing on medium or high power

14. #4 Base– to carry along with arm. Supports microscope

15. #3 Low Power Objective– Used to begin focus-smallest lens

16. #3 Low Power Objective– Used to begin focus

17. #4 Medium Power Obj.– 2nd lens to use

18. #5 High Power Objective– Used to magnify most-longest lens

19. #6 Stage Clips– Secures slide to stage

20. #13 Fine adjustment– Used to focus with medium and high power objectives

21. The Light Microscope • An objective lens gathers light from the specimen and magnifies the image • Most microscopes have several objective lenses that can be rotated into position to provide different levels of magnification (4X, 10X, 40X) • The ocular lens in the eyepiece magnifies and transmits the image to your eye • The magnification of the ocular lens is 10X • To find the total magnification of the microscope you are using, multiply the magnification of the objective lens by the magnification of the ocular lens. • For example: 40X (objective lense) x 10X (ocular lense) = 400X magnification

22. Images From a Light Microscope • Y Amoeba Streptococcus bacteria Anthrax bacteria Human cheek cells Plant cells Yeast cells

23. Beyond the Light Microscope • Light microscopes are limited by their resolution. • Light microscopes cannot produce clear images of objects smaller than 0.2 micrometers • The electron microscope was invented in the 1930’s • Electron microscopes use beams of electrons, rather than light, to produce images • Electron microscopes can view objects as small as the diameter of an atom

24. Images From an Electron Microscope • C Yeast Lactobacillus (SEM) Campylobacter (SEM) Deinococcus (SEM) Avian influenza virus House ant Yeast Human eyelash

26. Types of Electron Microscopes • Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) pass a beam of electron through a thin specimen • Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) scan a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen • Specimens from electron microscopy must be preserved and dehydrated, so living cells cannot be viewed

27. Beginning to use a Microscope • http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44475938/ns/business-stocks_and_economy/

28. Microscope Care • Always carry with 2 hands • Only use lens paper for cleaning • Do not force knobs • Always store covered • Keep cord to the back of counter

29. Focus the Microscope • http://www.teachertube.com/members/viewVideo.php?video_id=12868

30. Focus the Microscope • Have low power objective in place • Turn ocular as far away from stage as possible • Place the slide on the microscope • Secure slide with stage clips • Look into the ocular • Use the coarse adjustment knob to focus • Use fine adj. knob to sharpen image

31. Changing to High Power • http://www.teachertube.com/members/viewVideo.php?video_id=12871&title=How_to_use_a_microscope___the_basics__3_of_3_

32. Changing to High Power • Look AT microscope • Click the nosepiece to the medium objective • Do NOTuse the coarse adjustment knob • Use the fine adjustment knob to bring into clear focus • Go to high power obj. and repeat steps

33. Making a Wet Mount Slide

34. Steps to Make a Wet Mount Slide • Place a drop or two of water over your object on the slide • Put edge of cover slip against water at a 45° angle (water will pull toward the edge of the cover slip) • Carefully lay cover slip over object •ONLY if object is flat, okay to push on it

35. Putting Microscope Away • Things to do to put microscope away: • Turn off light • Low power objective in place • Stage far away as possible • Remove slide, clean, put away • Unplug and wrap cord around base • Cover with dust cover

36. Any Questions?? • Do you have any questions? • Now is the time to ask those questions!!!