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Age of Absolutism

Age of Absolutism. Spain. Philip II Married Mary Tudor Hardworking, devout and ambitious Absolute ruler: Complete authority over the gov’t and the lives of the people Divine right: believed his authority to rule came directly from God. Philip II. Guardian of the Catholic Church

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Age of Absolutism

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  1. Age of Absolutism

  2. Spain • Philip II • Married Mary Tudor • Hardworking, devout and ambitious • Absolute ruler: • Complete authority over the gov’t and the lives of the people • Divine right: believed his authority to rule came directly from God

  3. Philip II • Guardian of the Catholic Church • Turn back rising Protestants • Turned Inquisition a/g Protestants and heretics

  4. Philip II • Many wars to advance power • a/g Ottomans • Rebels in the Netherlands • Northern provinces of Netherlands declared their independence from Spain

  5. Philip II • Armada sails a/g England • Elizabeth I: Enemy #1 • Supported the Dutch a/g Spain • Prepared a huge armada (fleet) to invade- outmaneuvered by English ships

  6. France Wars of religion • Catholic majority vs. Huguenots (Protestants) • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • Royal wedding; massacre of 3,000 Huguenots

  7. Henry IV • Huguenot prince; inherited throne • Eventually converted to Catholicism • Edict of Nantes: • Religious toleration for Huguenots

  8. Cardinal Richelieu • Henry IV killed by an assassin • Richelieu appointed as chief minister • Destroy power of Huguenots & nobles • Hand-picked his successor

  9. Louis XIV • The Fronde • Nobles, merchants, peasants & urban poor re belled to protest royal power & preserve their own • Rioters drove the boy king from his palace • Resolved to take complete control over the government

  10. Louis XIV • Believed in divine right to rule • “Sun king” • Did not call Estates General one time • Strongest army in Europe • Expanded bureaucracy • Appointed intendants (royal officials who collected taxes, etc.)

  11. Louis XIV • Financial minister: Jean-Baptiste Colbert • Mercantilist policies • New lands cleared for farming, encouraged mining and industry, built luxury trading • Fostered overseas colonies • Regulated trade with colonies

  12. Versailles • P. 512

  13. Decline of Louis XIV • Costly wars • Balance of power among Euro nations • War of the Spanish Succession • Revoked Edict of Nantes • Huguenots fled from France • Blow to French economy

  14. Parliament Triumphs in England • Tudors work w/ Parliament • Believed in divine right, but listened to Parliament • Monarch = head of Church of England

  15. Stuart Kings • James I • Claimed absolute power and divine right • Dissolved Parliament and collected taxes on his own • Clashed with dissenters (Protestants who differed from the Church of England) • Puritans- “purify”

  16. Stuart Kings • Charles I • Absolute monarch • Imprisoned people w/o trial; taxed like crazy • Forced to summon Parliament • Sign Petition of Right- can’t raise taxes w/o Parliament’s consent • Signed, but ignored for 11 years • Trying to revive Catholic practices?

  17. Stuart Kings • Charles I (still) • Long Parliament: lasted from 1640-1653 on&off • Tried & executed chief ministers • Charles I led troops into the House of Commons to arrest people • Civil War: 1642-1651 • Parliament won

  18. Stuart Kings • Cavaliers (supporters of Charles I) vs. Roundheads (revolutionaries) • Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell • Skilled general- army composed of skill • Defeated Cavaliers; captured King by 1647

  19. Stuart Kings • Put Charles I on trial • Condemned him to death • Shock waves through Europe • First time a ruling monarch had been tried & executed by his own people • No ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the law

  20. Cromwell and the Commonwealth • Abolished monarchy • England = republic (known as Commonwealth) • Leader = Oliver Cromwell • Social revolution: Puritans • More strict • Education improved • Religious freedom for other Protestant groups- welcomed Jews

  21. Stuart Kings • Charles II • Reopened & reestablished • Accepted Petition of Right • Religious toleration • Avoided mistakes

  22. Stuart Kings • James II • Charles’s brother • Practiced Catholicism openly • Angered subjects • Feared he would restore Catholic Church

  23. Glorious Revolution • 1688- Parliament invited William III of Orange and Mary (James’s Protestant daughter) to rule England • James II fled to France • Bloodless overthrow of the king

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