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Personal Rapid Transit Impact on Intermodality and Safety at Heathrow and Masdar Dr Chris Elliott FREng Pitchill Consulting Ltd . Structure. Reminder – what is PRT and where is it in operation? Safety – principles, practices, evidence Future – what might PRT do for urban transport?.
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Personal Rapid TransitImpact on Intermodality and Safety at Heathrow and Masdar Dr Chris Elliott FREngPitchill Consulting Ltd
Structure • Reminder – what is PRT and where is it in operation? • Safety – principles, practices, evidence • Future – what might PRT do for urban transport?
Data from UK Transport 2010 Passenger transport by mode Rush hour: that hour when traffic is almost at a standstill. J.B. Morton. "the bus system may be regarded as a welfare service for the underprivileged minority". Thomson
PRT overview • Pods: Small, fully automated, battery-powered electric vehicles, with zero on-site emissions. • Infrastructure: Light, flexible & aesthetic guideways and stations are lower cost & can be routed where needed • Control system: You don’t wait for vehicles – vehicles wait for you. No transfers, no routes to memorize.
Trevithick Daimler 1 0.9 0.8 ? Trunk road/ Route Nationale 0.7 0.6 ? Motorway/Autoroute Build Rate re Max 0.5 0.4 0.3 CANAL RAIL 0.2 0.1 0 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 2000 2020 2040 1760 1780 1800 1820 1980 Transport history PRT? ROAD
Existing PRT systems • Two systems in operation – both are first phase of larger system • Heathrow Airport – Pod between Terminal 5 and Business Car Park – video1 • Abu Dhabi – MASDAR Institute of Science & Technology – video2
Ease of installation • Patented small scale infrastructure optimised for PRT • Modular design • Small radii (5m) and high grades (>10%) permitted • Installation of 3-bay elevated section completed in 4 hours
2.0 1.5 1.0 MJoule per Passenger km 0.5 0.0 Rail PRT Urban bus Urban Car Energy use
1.2 1.0 0.8 Tonnes/Seat 0.6 0.4 0.2 Average Person 0.0 Cycle Motor PRT Bus Typical Modern Local Eurostar 747 cycle car LRT train Empty weight per seat
Structure • Reminder – what is PRT and where is it in operation? • Safety – principles, practices, evidence • Future – what might PRT do for urban transport?
Safety • High level of intrinsic safety • < 40 kph • Dedicated guideway, no at-grade crossings • Fixed block or sensors – video 3 • No driver! • Systematic process • Safety policy – clear allocation of duties • Safety targets – what is acceptable • Hazard ident. => Risk assessment => Mitigation => Acceptance • Independent verification • No significant incidents in 3 years’ operations
Structure • Reminder – what is PRT and where is it in operation? • Safety – principles, practices, evidence • Future – what might PRT do for urban transport?
Costs • Toronto International Airport light rail • Cost $58M per km • PRT would have cost $15M per km (2010 figures) • Birmingham AirRailLink • cost $20M per km to refurbish • New PRT would have cost under $15M per km • Montpellier light rail • cost €21.8M per km • PRT system would have cost between <€9M per km (EDICT 2004 figures) • Oakland Airport • costedat $48M per km • PRT would cost $9-12M per km All figures provided by ULTraPRT
Urban integration Amritsar Golden temple – video 4 Office campus – video 5 Personal public transport that fits within existing urban structures – part of an integrated transport infrastructure