US Enters World War II

1. US Enters World War II Unit 4: Warfare

2. Introduction Following World War I, the United States returned to a foreign policy of isolationism. During the Roaring Twenties and Great Depression, the US focused on events at home. However, the unfolding of events in Europe demanded US involvement in this global struggle. Ultimately, the US joined the conflict by declaring war on the Axis Powers following an attack on their own soil.

3. Events Leading to WWII • 1.      Kellogg-Briand Pact (August 27, 1928) • 2.      Neutrality Acts of 1935/1936 • 3.      FDR’s Quarantine Speech (October 5, 1937) • 4.      Poland Invasion (September 1, 1939) • 5.      Neutrality Act of 1939 (November 4, 1939) • 6.      Fall of France (Dunkirk evacuation) (June 22, 1940) • 7.      Battle of Britain (Summer 1940) • 8.      Tripartite Pact (September 1940) • 9.      Lend Lease Act (March 1941) • 10.  Soviets Enter War (June 1941) • 11.  Atlantic Charter (August 1941) • 12.  The Greer and the Reuben James sinking (Sept 1941) • 13.  Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)

4. Kellogg-Briand Pact By: Clay Rychlewski And Travis Borgsmiller

5. Description of Act • A treaty between the United States and the other Powers providing for the reunification of war as an instrument of national policy

6. Date and Location • August 27, 1928 • Paris, France

7. Impact on the United States • U.S. State Department saw this as a treaty and did not wish to go to war if France went to war • As a solution to this, the United States asked that the pact be signed by all the countries • This idea was taken extremely well internationally as many countries were devastated by WWI

8. Signing of the Kellogg-Briand Pact

9. Kellogg – Briand Pact Chris Phan and Tim Cribbin

10. Kellogg-Briand Pact Fifteen countries signed it, and it renounced war as a national policy, but it provided no means of enforcement. It occurred on August 27th, 1928. The impact on the United States was that powerful nations would disarm. The pact represented the most ambitious attempt to outlaw war that the modern world had not seen yet. This could not stop the war for the United States.

12. Neutrality Acts of 1935 Matt Kuelker and Bret Schawang

13. Neutrality Acts of 1935 The Prohibition of the export of arms, ammunition, and implements of war to belligerent countries • August 31, 1935 • Signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt • It was signed to avoid any action that might involve the US in war.

14. Neutrality Acts of 1935 Senator Gerald Nye, whose 1934-1936 hearings into the role the munitions industry played in the US entrance into World War I helped pave the way for the passage of the 1935 Neutrality Act.

15. Neutrality Acts of 1935/1936 Brent Wingerter Mitch Moonier

16. The Goal • Used to keep the US out of future wars, beginning in 1935. • The first two outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war. • The third passed in response to fighting in Spain. • This also extended to a ban on arms sales and loans to nations engages in civil wars. • These were considered boundaries from the war entering the US. • This was a safe hold from everyone…but will be ended in 1937 because of President Roosevelt shipping arms to China to fight against Japan.

17. “ITS OVER” Picture of the Neutrality Acts finally ended because of President Roosevelt's actions with China.

18. Quarantine Speech Franklin D. Roosevelt By: Cary Dwars and Adam Agostini

19. General Information • When: • October 5, 1937 • Where: • Chicago • Why: • Japan and Italy were taking aggressive actions against other nations

20. General Idea of the Speech • Purpose: Talks to nation about actions the government is going to take to avoid war • The alternative routes suggested in this speech are as follows: • The use of economic pressure • A forceful response • Less than outright aggression

21. FDR’s Quarantine Speech James Pikul Josh Kulla-Branz

22. Quarantine Speech • Date: October 5,1937 • Location: Chicago, Ill. • Description: Was given in response to Italy and Japan’s aggression. This speech was an alternative to war in Europe.

23. Purpose and Explanation • FDR was proposing an alternative for war. • Proposed to “Quarantine” the aggressors or the war. Such ad Mussolini and Japan. • This was to be less direct than attacking the aggressors. • He feels that the trust between the country needs to be repaired and peace must be restored. • The speech was soon ridiculed by isolationist • Said FDR wanted to make US the policemen of the world • This did little in the fight against war

24. Poland Invasion by: Michael Kolisch, Tommy Spann

25. Invasion of Poland • Date: September 1939 • Description: Adolf Hitler directed his army to invade Poland. The Soviet union also invaded Poland's eastern border. The Polish Invasion provoked declarations of a war from Poland's allies great Britain and France.

26. Impact on the US: This started World war II, this did not impact the US much because the US was practicing isolation. Also brought attention of Hitler from the US • The US desired to remain neutral – memories of WWI Were too fresh and had great Depression to deal with bit clearly more sympathetic towards allied cause.

27. Germans March through the streets of Poland September of 1939

28. A map of where Germany and the Soviet Union invade Poland

29. The Poland Invasion Joseph Conder James Chambers

30. The Poland Invasion Began Attack began on September 1, 1939 To justify his actions Hitler stated that they feared Polish aggression but in truth Hitler just wanted the territory and all of Poland’s resources. This act started World War II The Polish army was defeated in less than 3 weeks The cities of Warsaw Krakow, Radom, and Lublin were organized as the General government under a civilian governor general. The Nazi Poland and Soviet Poland border was along the Bug River in central Poland

31. Poland Invasion cont. More than 300,000 Polish Jews fled their homes, but few made to safe areas in Palestine or Great Britain before being caught or sent back by German or Soviet troops. Most were eventually rounded up as the surrounding nations were taken. Poland was eventually the location of 6 Nazi death camps.

32. Neutrality Act of 1939 Conlan McDonough and Matt Rogge

33. What it Did • Passed in September of 1939 • The Neutrality Act of 1939 permitted trade in U.S. arms and supplies to all hostile powers, without distinction of aggressor and victim.

34. Impact • Provided Great Britain with more weapons and supplies to help them defeat Hitler. Helped keep U.S. out of war

36. Neutrality Act of 1939 Kevin Holley Cory McArthy

37. Neutrality Act of 1939 November 4, 1939 Congress issued a joint declaration affirming US neutrality shortly after the outbreak of World War II in Europe. This was the last of four neutrality acts that was passed by Congress in the 1930s to keep the United States out of the conflicts that were erupting in the world.

38. Neutrality Act of 1939 This act reserved us the right to appeal, change or modify this joint resolution in the interests of the peace, security or welfare of the United States and its people Allows the United States to legally stay neutral and help Britain. The Neutrality Act of 1939 permitted trade in US arms and supplies to all belligerent powers, without distinction of aggressor and victim The US provided Great Britain with far more weapons and supplies than any other nation.

39. Fall of France (Dunkirk Evacuation) Derek Rallo and Anthony Saracino

40. Fall of France Germany invaded France and avoided French soldiers along the borders in 1940. They forced out approximately 140,000 French troops and 20,000 British troops to Dunkirk along the English Channel. Italy later invaded southern France while Germany marched into the city of Paris France surrendered and Germany took of 2/3rd of the country along with the government. France became a puppet state called Vichy France Affected the US because France was a major ally and improved chances of German expansion and US entrance into the war

41. This map shows the German advances into France. The black lines show their exact routes into France.

42. US Enters WWII: Fall of France Jordan Tierney and Mike Fink

43. Fall of France • France massed troops along the Maginot line, hoping to prevent a German invasion • Germans bypassed these fortifications and attacked France through Belgium • Penetrated deeply into the country in a few days • Troops safely evacuated across the channel to Great Britain leaving valuable equipment behind • 20,000 British • 140,000 French

44. Fall of France • Italy invaded southern France • June 10 • Germany army marched into Paris • June 16 • France surrendered • Germany occupied northern 2/3rds of France • British/French pinned against the English Channel

45. Battle of Britain By: Kyle Lanham & David Kolb

46. When? • Occurred: August 1940 to June 1941 • Thousands of German Planes bombed ports, industrial centers, and air defenses throughout England • Cities bombed night after night

47. Impact… • The impact that this had on the US • These attacks on Britain made the U.S. begin to wonder how much longer they could stay out of the war. • Since Britain was our allies we felt that we needed to help them, because of the devastation that the German fighter planes on the British cities.

48. An air observer for Britain watches for a German attack before the creation of radar. Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF) flying into battle. (over ¼ of all RAF pilots were killed during the Battle of Britain)

49. Battle of Britain Ryan Batliner Jake Rohne

50. General Information • Date: • July 1940 – May 1941 • German air campaign on Britain • Focused on destroying Royal Air Force allowing for a land invasion • Casualties • 27,450 British civilians dead, 32,138 wounded • The Battle of Britain was the first major campaign to be fought entirely by air forces.