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The Mole

The Mole. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEl4jeETVmg. 6.02 x 10 23. What is it?. A counting unit Similar to a dozen “dozen” means “12” “mole” means “ 6.02 x 10 23 ”. What is it?. A counting unit Similar to a dozen “dozen” means “12” “mole” means “ 6.02 x 10 23 ” 6.02 x 10 23

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The Mole

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  1. The Mole http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEl4jeETVmg 6.02 x 1023

  2. What is it? • A counting unit • Similar to a dozen • “dozen” means “12” • “mole” means “ 6.02 x 1023 ”

  3. What is it? • A counting unit • Similar to a dozen • “dozen” means “12” • “mole” means “ 6.02 x 1023 ” • 6.02 x 1023 • This is Avogadro’s number • Named in honour of Amadeo Avogadro who found • Gasses at the same P and T have the same number of molecules; no matter which gas!

  4. 6.02 x 1023 is a big number

  5. 6.02 x 1023 is a big number • Can also be written as • 602, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000

  6. 6.02 x 1023 is a big number • Can also be written as • 602, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 • 6.02 x 1023 pop cans would cover the entire surface of the Earth to a depth of over 320 km!

  7. 6.02 x 1023 is a big number • Can also be written as • 602, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 • 6.02 x 1023 pop cans would cover the entire surface of the Earth to a depth of over 320 km! • Basically, it’s a very large number

  8. The Mole • 1 dozen cookies = 12 cookies • 1 mole of cookies = 6.02 X 1023 cookies • 1 dozen cars = 12 cars • 1 mole of cars = 6.02 X 1023 cars • 1 dozen Al atoms = 12 Al atoms • 1 mole of Al atoms = 6.02 X 1023 atoms

  9. The Mole • 1 dozen cookies = 12 cookies • 1 mole of cookies = 6.02 X 1023 cookies • 1 dozen cars = 12 cars • 1 mole of cars = 6.02 X 1023 cars • 1 dozen Al atoms = 12 Al atoms • 1 mole of Al atoms = 6.02 X 1023 atoms • Note that the MOLE AMOUNT and NO. OF PARTS is always the same, but the MASS is very different!

  10. A mole of particles = 6.02 x 1023 C atoms = 6.02 x 1023H2O molecules = 6.02 x 1023NaCl“molecules” 1 mole C 1 mole H2O 1 mole NaCl

  11. A mole of particles • How can we use this information? = 6.02 x 1023 C atoms = 6.02 x 1023H2O molecules = 6.02 x 1023NaCl“molecules” 1 mole C 1 mole H2O 1 mole NaCl

  12. Learning check! • 1. Number of atoms in 0.500 mole of Al • a) 500 Al atoms • b) 6.02 x 1023 Al atoms • c) 3.01 x 1023 Alatoms

  13. Learning check! • 1. Number of atoms in 0.500 mole of Al • a) 500 Al atoms • b) 6.02 x 1023 Al atoms • c) 3.01 x 1023 Alatoms • 0.500 mole of Al x 6.02 x 1023 atoms • 1 mol

  14. Learning check! • 2.Number of moles of S in 1.8 x 1024 S atoms • a) 1.0 mole S atoms • b) 3.0 mole S atoms • c) 1.1 x 1048 mole S atoms

  15. Learning check! • 2.Number of moles of S in 1.8 x 1024 S atoms • a) 1.0 mole S atoms • b) 3.0 mole S atoms • c) 1.1 x 1048 mole S atoms • 1.8 x 1024 S atoms x 1 mol • 6.02 x 1023atoms

  16. HOMEWORK • “Practice Problems” • Page 134, #1 – 2 and #7 and 8

  17. Molar mass • What is it? • Mass of 1 mole (in grams) • Equal to the numerical value of the average atomic mass (from the periodic table)

  18. Molar mass • What is it? • Mass of 1 mole (in grams) • Equal to the numerical value of the average atomic mass (from the periodic table) • For example: • 1 mole of C atoms = ______ grams

  19. Molar mass • What is it? • Mass of 1 mole (in grams) • Equal to the numerical value of the average atomic mass (from the periodic table) • For example: • 1 mole of C atoms = __12.011__ grams • 1 mole of Mg atoms? • 1 mole of Cu atoms?

  20. Molar mass • What is it? • Mass of 1 mole (in grams) • Equal to the numerical value of the average atomic mass (from the periodic table) • For example: • 1 mole of C atoms = __12.011__ grams • 1 mole of Mg atoms? 24.305 g • 1 mole of Cu atoms? 63.546 g

  21. Other names related to molar mass • Atomic mass: average mass of the element based on natural occurrence of its isotopes, in units (u) • Molar mass: grams of an element to equal one mole (or the mass that has 6.02 x 1023 atoms of that element) in grams/mole (g/mol) • THE POINT: You may hear bothof these terms which mean the SAME NUMBER… just different units

  22. Learning check! • Find the molar mass (only round if the molar mass is not required for further calculations) • 1 mole of Br atoms • 1 mole of Sn atoms

  23. Learning check! • Find the molar mass (only round if the molar mass is not required for further calculations) • 1 mole of Br atoms = 79.904 g/mol ≈79.9 g/mol • 1 mole of Sn atoms = 118.71 g/mol ≈ 118.7 g/mol

  24. Molar Mass of Molecules and Compounds • Mass in grams of 1 mole equal numerically to the sum of the atomic masses • AKA: molar mass (of molecules and compounds) is the total atomic mass of the elements (in g/mol)

  25. Molar Mass of Molecules and Compounds • Mass in grams of 1 mole equal numerically to the sum of the atomic masses • AKA: molar mass (of molecules and compounds) is the total atomic mass of the elements (in g/mol) • Example: • Molar Mass of CaCl2= lknj • 1 mole Cax 40.078 g/mol • + 2 moles Clx 35.45 g/mol • = 110.978 g/molCaCl2 ≈ 111.0 g/mol

  26. Learning Check! • Molar Mass of K2O = ? g/mol

  27. Learning Check! • Molar Mass of K2O = 94.192 g/mol

  28. Learning Check! • B. Molar Mass of antacid Al(OH)3 = ?g/mol

  29. Learning Check! • B. Molar Mass of antacid Al(OH)3 = 78.003 g/mol

  30. (one more) Learning check! • The artificial sweetener aspartame (Nutra-Sweet) formula C14H18N2O5 is used to sweeten diet foods, coffee and soft drinks. • What is aspartame’s molar mass?

  31. (one more) Learning check! • The artificial sweetener aspartame (Nutra-Sweet) formula C14H18N2O5 is used to sweeten diet foods, coffee and soft drinks. • What is aspartame’s molar mass? • 294.30312 g/mol

  32. Putting it all together • Meeting the Mole activity

  33. Calculations with molar mass • molar mass • Grams Moles

  34. Calculations with molar mass Aluminum is often used for the structure of light-weight bicycle frames. How many grams of Al are in 3.00 moles of Al? 3.00 moles Al ? g Al

  35. Calculations with molar mass and avogadro’s number • Since: • 6.02 x 1023 particles = 1 moleAND 1 mole = molar mass (grams) • You can convert particles (or atoms/molecules) to moles, and then moles to grams! (two step process) • You can’t go directly, from atoms to grams; you must go through moles!

  36. Calculations with molar mass and avogadro’s number • molar mass Avogadro’s numberGrams Moles particles • Everything must go through moles!

  37. One last Learning check • Remember the artificial sweetener aspartame (C14H18N2O5)? • How many aspartame molecules are present in 225 g of aspartame?

  38. One last Learning check • Remember the artificial sweetener aspartame (C14H18N2O5)? • How many aspartame molecules are present in 225 g of aspartame? • A LOT! 4.61 x 1023 molecules!

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