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Byzantine Empire & Russia

Byzantine Empire & Russia. Heir to the Roman Empire. strong government and military prosperous economy center of Hellenistic culture ruled by an autocrat - sole ruler with complete authority over government, economy, and religion. Constantinople ~ capital. richest city in Europe

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Byzantine Empire & Russia

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  1. Byzantine Empire& Russia

  2. Heir to the Roman Empire • strong government andmilitary • prosperous economy • center of Hellenistic culture • ruled by an autocrat - sole ruler with complete authority over government, economy, and religion

  3. Constantinople ~ capital • richest city in Europe • center of trade • great location on the shores of the Bosporus Strait • church of Hagia Sophia

  4. Justinian ~ ruled 527-565 • empire reached its peak under his reign • Code of Laws - summarized all Roman law • Theodora - wife of Justinian • took an active role in politics • worked to protect women’s rights

  5. Decline • struggles over succession, court intrigues, constant wars • 4th Crusade - burned and plundered Constantinople in 1204 • 1453 - Ottoman Turks captured the city and renamed it Istanbul

  6. Russia • ethnic background: Slavs and Vikings • “Apostles to the Slavs” - Greek monks: Cyril and Methodius • converted the Slavs to Christianity around 863 • created Cyrillic alphabet to translate Bible into Slavic languages

  7. Kiev • first Russian city • influenced by Byzantine Empire • 988 - Russians ordered to abandon Slavic gods for Eastern Orthodox

  8. Mongols • ruled Russia for 240 years (1240-1480) • tolerant rulers who demanded heavy tribute • forced Russian princes to acknowledge them as overlords • absolute power of Mongols was a model for Russian rulers • cut Russia off from contact with Western Europe

  9. Rise of Moscow • princes of Moscow defeated the Mongols • Moscow became spiritual capital of Russian Orthodox Church

  10. Ivan III ~ the Great • ruled 1462-1505 • founder of modern Russia • took the title of czar • 1480 refused to pay tribute to Mongols = final break • limited power of nobles • married niece of Byz. emperor & adopted Byz. court rituals

  11. Ivan IV ~ the Terrible • ruled 1533-1584 • introduced laws binding the serfs to the land • established a tradition of “extreme absolute power” • 1500s - renewed contact with Western Europe

  12. Eastern Europe • mix of ethnic groups (share common language and culture) • Slavs, Asians, Vikings, Germanics • mix of religion: Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodox, Islam, and Judaism • during Middle Ages, Eastern Europe was a land of little kingdoms

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