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Chapter 11. Academic Learning Characteristics. What is Learning?. “The process by which experience and practice result in a stable change in the learner’s behavior that is not explained simply by maturation, growth, or aging” ( Akiba & Atkins, 2010). Stages of Learning.
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Chapter 11 Academic Learning Characteristics
What is Learning? • “The process by which experience and practice result in a stable change in the learner’s behavior that is not explained simply by maturation, growth, or aging” (Akiba & Atkins, 2010)
Stages of Learning • Acquisition (including reversion) • No skill basic mastery • Proficiency • Develop automaticity or fluency • Maintenance • Maintain a high level of performance over time • Generalization • Extend the use of acquired skills across situations • Adaptation • Apply a learned skill without help
Critical Learning Needs of Students with Disabilities • Progress through stages of learning more slowly than skillful learners • Require more explicit teaching and supportive practice
Motivation • Intrinsic • Individual’s sense of competence • Extrinsic • Outside sources
Motivation Theories • Locus of Control • Attribution Theory • Internal or External Causes • Spirals of Failure or Success • Learned Helplessness
Adolescents with Disabilities in Behavior & Learning • Challenges associated with students • Specific issues related to disabilities • Common patterns of behavior • Self Determination & the 4 attributes associated with it
UDL • Meeting the needs of students with disabilities • Changes in: • Time allotted for instruction • Persistence or motivation • Pupils’ aptitude for instruction • Ability to understand instruction • Quality of instruction
Model of School Learning Time Actually Spent Time Needed Degree of Learning =