Townshend Acts

2. Townshend Acts • Charles Townshend – thought colonists bad behavior made it important to have an army in colonies • Placed a duty on goods such as glass, paint, paper and tea • Continue to increase the unhappiness of the colonists

3. Boycott of British Goods • Determined not to pay taxes, the duty was a tax in disguise • Sam Adams leads opposition • Boycott: refuse to buy one or more goods from a certain source • All colonies agreed to a boycott • Women were important to making this work • They found ways to avoid buying British imports

4. Repeal of Townshend Acts • Lord North – new head of English Gov. • The duties weren’t making up for all the money British were losing from the boycott • Decided to repeal all taxes but the one on tea • Some people in Britain thought this was a bad idea, the King thought it was necessary

5. http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/boston-massacre#boston-massacrehttp://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/boston-massacre#boston-massacre

6. Boston Massacre • Same day Parliament repealed Townshend duties, brawl broke out in Boston • Five Bostonians were dead and 10 were injured • Patriots called this a Massacre • What is a massacre?

7. What Really Happened? • Bostonians resented the British soldiers • Egged them on • Troops were forbidden to fire on citizens • Mob started throwing ice balls at the guards

8. Mob pressed forward and knocked a soldier down and the troops panicked and opened fire • Was really a riot, not a massacre • Sam Adams used the opportunity to rally anti-British support • John Adams (Sam’s cousin) was a patriot but believed in justice – defended the troops • Adams proved they acted in self defense • Upheld the law no matter who it is

11. Colonial Meeting • It is now 1770 and the British have continued to enact controversial laws. A tragic event has taken place in Boston. • In your group, evaluate the actions of the British by completing these sentences:’ • The Townshend Acts were fair/unfair and their repeal is fair/unfair because . . . • The Boston Massacre was/was not justified because . . . • Today’s Target: Identify, describe, and analyze the seeds of the Revolutionary War

12. Colonial Meeting 2 • How should you and your fellow colonists choose to respond to the British government at this point in time? • Comply (obey without question) • Oppose (protest even if unwilling to rebel) • Rebel (declare independence) • Prepare a new spokesperson to answer this question: • At this point in time, should American colonists rebel against the British? • If not, what should we do? • Today’s Target: Identify, describe, and analyze the seeds of the Revolutionary War

13. Boston Tea Party • http://www.history.com/videos/the-sons-of-liberty-and-the-boston-tea-party#the-sons-of-liberty-and-the-boston-tea-party

14. Boston Tea Party • Repeal of Townshend acts lead to a time of calming in the colonies • Tax on tea was annoying but do-able • Tea Act – try to rescue British East India Company • Americans were boycotting British tea and was hurting the British tea company

15. Tea Act • Lord North (British Parliament) • Tea Act lowered cost of tea so even when taxed was cheaper than Dutch Tea • Many colonists weren’t fooled and were concerned the British were trying to tax them even more

16. Tea Ships Arrive • When British Tea Ships sailed into ports colonists tried to keep them from unloading • Some ships turned around • Boston they were ordered not to turn around until they unload • Sons of Liberty – dressed as Mohawk Indians boarded the three ships • Dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into the sea that night

17. Boston Tea Party

18. Boston Tea Party

19. The Intolerable Acts • Britain had thought colonists had gone too far • They tried to send them cheap tea but they threw it in the sea • To the King it was no longer about taxes, it was about Britain’s control over the colonies • Parliament passed a new series of laws in 1774 –The Intolerable Acts

20. Intolerable Acts

21. Massachusetts's Punishment • 1. closed Boston Harbor until ruined tea was paid for • 2. placed Massachusetts government under British control • Colonists could not even hold a meeting with out British governor permission • 3. British soldiers accused of murder would be tried in England not the colonies

22. More Punishment • More troops sent to enforce laws in colonies • Some British leaders worried that new laws would push colonists into rebellion

24. Colonies Unite • Colonies support Boston – sent goods so they could get by • In Virginia lawmakers drafted a resolution to support Massachusetts • Virginia called for a meeting of delegates from all colonies – to try to come up with a peaceful solution to the conflicts with Great Britain

25. Loyalists and Patriots • Not everyone agreed with uniting and supporting each other • Loyalists thought the Bostonians had gone too far and should pay for the tea • They thought the Patriots were causing trouble

26. 1st Continental Congress • September 1774 50 leaders met in Philadelphia • Patrick Henry – “I am not a Virginian, I am an American” • United by their love of liberty and hatred of tyranny • Sent a respectful message to the King and called for a new boycott of goods

27. 1st Continental Congress

28. 1st Continental Congress Carpenters Hall, Philadelphia, September 1774

29. Colonies form Militias • Patriots appointed committees to enforce the boycott – militias incase it didn’t work • Militias trained and gathered gun powder

30. Colonial Meeting 3 • The year is now 1774 and tensions between the colonists and the British have increased dramatically. • In your group, evaluate the actions of the British by completing these sentences: • The Sons of Liberty were right/wrong to throw tea into the Boston Harbor because… • We believe the Intolerable Acts are fair/unfair because . . . • Today’s Target: Identify, describe, and analyze the seeds of the Revolutionary War

31. Colonial Meeting 3 • How should you and your fellow colonists choose to respond to the British government at this point in time? • Comply (obey without question) • Oppose (protest even if unwilling to rebel) • Rebel (declare independence) • Today’s Target: Identify, describe, and analyze the seeds of the Revolutionary War

32. Lexington and Concord • http://www.history.com/videos/first-revolutionary-battle-at-lexington--concord#first-revolutionary-battle-at-lexington--concord

33. Lexington and Concord • King refused to answer colonist’s letter • “New England government are in a state of rebellion. Blows must decide whether they are to be subject to this country or independent”

34. Diagram of Battle

35. Lexington • April 1775, British General Gage got word the colonists were hiding gun powder and weapons in Concord – Gage decided to strike • Marched to Concord through the night to get the colonists supplies • Colonists had spies – Revere and Dawes went and told everyone the British were coming

36. Lexington Continued • Minutemen (militia) gathered at Lexington (on the way to Concord) • Met British in early morning and fought • At the end, 8 colonists lay dying and 10 were wounded. • British were victorious

37. Concord • British continued into Concord looking for gunpowder and weapons but colonists had hidden it • British began setting Concord on fire and Captain Davis took his men to fight the British • Colonists held their ground and the British were running away in panic

38. British Retreat • Retreat back to Boston was a nightmare for the British • Minutemen lined their route and fired at them • Americans proved they were willing to fight and die for their cause

39. Colonial Meeting 4 • It is late April 1775 and the conflicts between the colonists and the British government have reached a crisis point. • In your group, evaluate the actions of the British by completing these sentences: • The battles at Lexington and Concord were/were not justified because . . . • How should you and your fellow colonists choose to respond to the British government at this point in time? • Comply (obey without question) • Oppose (protest even if unwilling to rebel) • Rebel (declare independence) • Today’s Target: Identify, describe, and analyze the seeds of the Revolutionary War

40. 2nd Continental Congress and the Olive Branch Petition