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Presentation 17 – Buses

Presentation 17 – Buses. Objectives. At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:. Define computer bus and explain its purpose. Define the following terms: ISA, MCA, EISA, VL-Bus, PCI, PCI Express, and AGP. Discuss the characteristics of the PCI, PCI Express, and AGP buses.

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Presentation 17 – Buses

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  1. Presentation 17 – Buses

  2. Objectives At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:

  3. Define computer bus and explain its purpose. • Define the following terms: ISA, MCA, EISA, VL-Bus, PCI, PCI Express, and AGP. • Discuss the characteristics of the PCI, PCI Express, and AGP buses. • Recognize the connector (or slot) of an ISA, PCI, PCI Express, and VGA bus.

  4. CPU Parallel Port Memory Keyboard Controller Video Adapter The Data Bus System Controller

  5. CPU Memory Keyboard Controller Video Adapter System Controller

  6. CPU Memory Video Adapter

  7. CPU Socket (Slot 1) Bus Wires System Controller

  8. What is a Bus? • Signal Pathways • A way of passing information between components inside and outside the computer. • A modular way of expanding the functions or capabilities of the computer.

  9. PC Bus Architectures • ISA • MCA • EISA • VL-Bus • PCI • AGP • PCI Express

  10. The Original IBM PC Bus • Introduced on the original IBM PC • 8-bit data path • 4.77-MHz clock • 8 Interrupts – Only one of which was available for expansion boards. • 4 DMA Channels – Only one of which was available for expansion boards.

  11. The Original IBM PC Bus 8-Bit Card 8-Bit Slot

  12. Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Bus • Introduced on the IBM AT Computer • 16-bit data path • Backward compatible with IBM-PC Bus • 8-MHz clock • 15 Interrupts • 7 DMA Channels

  13. Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Bus 16-Bit Card 16-Bit Slot Added Pins 8-Bit Section

  14. Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Bus 8-Bit Card 16-Bit Slot

  15. Micro-Channel Architecture (MCA) Bus • Introduced on the IBM PS/2 • 16-bit or 32-bit data path • 10-MHz clock • Configured by software rather than by jumpers or switches • Not compatible with the ISA bus • Bus Mastering

  16. Bus Mastering • Allows data to be passed from one device to another without CPU intervention. • Allows a controller card to take control of the bus, leaving the CPU free to concentrate on other tasks.

  17. Bus Mastering vs. DMA • DMA can send data from peripheral to RAM or from RAM to peripheral, without the intervention of the CPU. • Bus Mastering can send data from peripheral to peripheral, without the intervention of the CPU.

  18. Extended ISA Bus (EISA) • The industry’s answer to the MCA bus • Backward compatible with ISA • 16-bit or 32-bit data path • 8-MHz Clock • Configured by software, not jumpers or switches • Bus Mastering

  19. CPU High Speed CPU Bus BUS Controller Low Speed I/O Bus ISA Bus Slots

  20. CPU Local Bus Slots High Speed CPU Bus BUS Controller Low Speed I/O Bus ISA Bus Slots

  21. VESA Local Bus (VL-Bus) • Clock speed same as the processor • 32-bit data path • Regular ISA slot with local bus connector added • Bus Mastering

  22. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) • Developed for Pentium-class processors • 32-bit and 64-bit data path versions • 33-MHz Clock • Processor Independent • Plug and Play with Bus Mastering

  23. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Bus

  24. PCI Evolution • 32-bit, 33 MHz • 64-bit, 33 MHz • 32-bit, 66 MHz • 64-bit, 66 MHz

  25. PCI-X • PCI-X 66 64-bit 66 MHz • PCI-X 133 64-bit 133 MHz • PCI-X 266 64-bit 266 MHz • PCI-X 533 64-bit 533 MHz

  26. PCI Express • The next generation of PCI. • Serial data paths. • Very high speed (2500 MHz) • Scales easily as additional serial data paths are added. • X1 has one serial path, X4 four serial paths, etc.

  27. PCI-Express @ 2500 MHz • PCI Express x1 1 250 Mbps • PCI Express x4 4 1000 Mbps • PCI Express x8 8 2000 Mbps • PCI Express x16 16 4000 Mbps • PCI Express x32 32 8000 Mbps Bandwidth Lanes

  28. PCI and PCI Express Slots PCI Express X 16 PCI Express X 1 Conventional PCI Conventional PCI

  29. Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) • Developed for high speed graphics cards • Frees the PCI bus from making video transfers • Used only for video cards • Considered a port rather than a bus • 66 MHz, 32-Bit

  30. Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)

  31. AGP Modes32-bits @ 66 MHz Data Cycles Per Clock • AGP 1 266 Mbps • AGP 2X 2 533 Mbps • AGP 4X 4 1066 Mbps • AGP 8X 8 2133 Mbps Bandwidth

  32. End

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