III. Sonata Form

1. III. Sonata Form

2. III. Sonata Form • Sometimes called sonata-allegro form • Definition- The form of a single movement. • Do not confuse with the term sonata- used for a whole composition made up of several movements.

3. The form consists of 3 main sections • Exposition- themes are presented • Usually labeled with the letters A & B • Development- themes are treated in new ways • Usually labeled with the letter C • Recapitulation- themes return • Letters A & B or sometimes A’ & B’ • These sections are often followed by a concluding section- the coda (Italian for tail)

4. C MozartT Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, IV Mt. • D 1788 • S String Orchestra • H G minor • M A- Fast Rushing Notes, B- Tender sweet melody • R Duple 2/2 • F Sonata Form • T Polyphonic

5. IV. Theme & Variations

6. IV. Theme & Variations • Definition- a basic musical idea- the theme- is repeated over and over and is changed each time. • Widely used during this period. • Each variation is about the same length, however it is unique and may differ in mood. • Changes in melody, rhythm, harmony, accompaniment, dynamics, or tone color may be used for change

7. C HaydnT Symphony No. 94 in G Major, II Mt. • D 1791 • S Woodwinds, Brass, Perc, Strings • H G Major • M Surprise; Staccatoed melody • R Duple 2/4 • F Theme & Variations • T Polyphonic

8. V. Minuet & Trio

9. V. Minuet & Trio • Sometimes simply referred to as Minuet. • Often used as the third movement of classical symphonies, string quartets, and other works. • Originated as a dance • First appeared in the court of Louis XIV of France around 1650 • Danced by aristocrats throughout the 18th Cent • Stately, dignified dance for couples

10. Minuet for symphony • This minuet is written for listening, not dancing. • Written in triple meter ¾ • Usually a moderate tempo • Form: A (minuet), B (trio), A (minuet) • Trio section is usually quieter than the minuet and also requires fewer instruments • Structurally the simplest movement of a symphony or string quartet

11. C MozartT Eine Kleine Nachtmusik (A little night music) III: Minuet • D 1787 • S string serenade; light in mood • H G major • M Stately melody: moves to legato & back to stately • R Triple 3/4 • F ABA • T Polyphonic

12. VI. Rondo

13. VI. Rondo • Many Classical movements are in Rondo form • Definition- features a tuneful main theme which returns several times in alternation with other themes. • Main theme-usually lively, pleasing, and simple to remember. • Can be used either as an independent piece or as one movement of a symphony, string quartet, or a sonata

14. VI. Rondo • Often is a finale, because of its liveliness bringing a sense of conclusion • Rondo form is often combined with elements of sonata form to produce a sonata-rondo: • contains a development section like in sonata form • Outlined in ABACABA

15. C BeethovenT String Quartet in C minor Op18, No. 4 IV Mvt. Rondo • D 1798-1800 • S String Quartet • H A Section C minor & B and C Sections Major • M Lively; Fast violin; Lyrical Legato Melody • R Duple 2/2 • F ABACABA • T Polyphonic

16. VII. The Classical Symphony

17. The Classical Symphony • Definition- an extended, ambitious composition typically lasting between 20 and 45 minutes. It exploits and expands the range of tone color and dynamics of the classical orchestra.

18. Usually has 4 movements • Each movement evokes a wide range of musicians • Typical sequence of movements • 1) vigorous, dramatic fast movement • 2) lyrical slow movement • 3) dance-like (minuet or scherzo) • 4) brilliant or heroic, fast movement

19. The Classical Symphony • Opening movement almost always is fast and in sonata form, usually the most dramatic • Second- slow movement- broad song-like melodies • Third- generally a minuet and trio, or scherzo • Fourth- often in sonata or sonata-rondo form, usually fast, lively, or triumphant depending on the composer

20. VIII. The Classical Concerto

21. The Classical Concerto • Definition-three movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra • Combines virtuosic solo passageswith orchestra’s wide range of tone color and dynamics • Lasts from 20-45 minutes!

22. Three movement work • 1) Fast 2) Slow 3) Fast • No minuet or scherzo • Often will have a cadenza at the end where orchestra holds chord while soloist does a virtuosic passage

23. C HaydnT Trumpet Concerto in Eb Major: III Mvt: Allegro • D 1796 • S Solo Trumpet, Woodwinds, Timpani, Strings • H Eb Major • M Soft legato string, virtuoso trumpet • R duple 2/4 • F Sonata-Rondo (ABA B’ACAB”Coda) • T Homophonic