Providing Access to Archived Web Sites in the Library of Congress Web Archives (LCWA)

1. Providing Access to Archived Web Sites in the Library of Congress Web Archives (LCWA) Tracy Meehleib Library of Congress, NDMSO Columbia University, June 30, 2010 Digital Library Seminar Series

2. Library of Congress Web Archives EVENT-DRIVEN • September 11th, 2001 • Winter Olympic Games 2002 • U.S. Congresses 107th, 108th, 109th, etc. • U.S. Elections 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, etc. • Iraq War 2003- (1 Phase cataloged) • Papal Transition 2005 • Supreme Court Nominations 2005-2006 • Crisis in Darfur, Sudan 2006 • Egypt 2008 • Single Sites (EUR, HSS, ST&B) • Indian Election 2009 • Indonesian Election 2009 • Philippine Election 2010 • Sri Lanka Election 2010 • Timor Leste 2010 • Burma/Myanmar Election 2010 FORMAT/COLLECTION-DRIVEN • Organizational Sites corresponding to Papers/Archives collected by LC’s Manuscript Division • Sites corresponding to creators whose works are collected by/represented in LC’s Prints & Photographs Division • Legal Blawgs identified by the Law Division COLLABORATIVE • End-of-Term Government/January 2009 (LC, IA, UNT, CDL, GPO) • Hurricane Katrina (LC, IA, individual contributors) • K-12 (LC and Internet Archive)

3. Iraq War, 2003 Web Archive

4. Crisis in Darfur, Sudan 2006 Web Archive

5. LC Manuscript Division Archive of Organizational Web Sites

6. Visual Image Web Archive

7. Legal Blawgs Web Archive

8. Egypt, 2008 Web Archive

9. Southeast Asian Elections 2009-2010, Web Archives

10. Library of Congress Web Archives Election 2000800 Election 20024000 Election 20041945 Election 20062098 Election 20082000 107th Congress579 108th Congress583 109th Congress580 110th Congress580 September 11, 20012300 Winter Olympics 200262 Iraq War 2003-231-plus (multi-phase) Papal Transition 2005192 Crisis In Darfur, Sudan 2006218 Visual Image Web Sites17 Organizational Sites, Manuscript Division30 U.S. Supreme Court Nominations 2005-2006281 Legal Blawgs 2007-90-plus (multi-phase) Egypt 200830 Indian General Elections58 Indonesian General Elections79 Singles Sites925-plus (multi-phase) U.S. Supreme Court Nominations 2005-2006281 Egypt 200830

11. Organizational Structure WEB ARCHIVING TEAM In the Office of Strategic Initiatives (OSI). We are project managers and technical staff focused on capture, tools, and permissions. CURATORS/RECOMMENDING OFFICERS In Library Services, Congressional Research Service, and the Law Library pick the collections and what URLs to archive, and research who to contact for permission. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OFFICE and TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE TEAM Also in OSI. Supports Wayback and tools development, Repository development and Data Transfers. Contractors are also used in this area. BIBLIOGRAPHIC ACCESS MODS records are created in Library Services: the Network Development & MARC Standards Office & Acquisitions & Bibliographic Access staff do the cataloging.

12. Web Archives Processing Workflow • Create a MODS template for metadata extraction • Metadata extraction results in a preliminary MODS record for each archived site • Enhance record, reviewing & revising some values if needed (title, language, abstract, keywords) and adding some values (LCSH headings—subjects and sometimes names) • Register item-level handles • Load item-level MODS records onto server, index, generate item-level search/browse • Create a collection-level overview page for LCWA collection homepage • Create collection-level record in ILS and register collection-level handle

13. Why Provide Site Level Access to these Sites? • Access limitations of searching W/ARC files by keyword and URL at the archive level • Increase access using controlled vocabularies (LCSH, TGM, etc.) • Leverage subject cataloging & language expertise to enhance subject access as economically as possible • Resources become integratable with other library resources at the item level • Better precision and recall searching within and across archives • Persistent IDs/handles allow for stable citations and digital scholarship at site-level • Records are “portable”—so we can leverage existing and new search/browse systems

14. How Do We Provide Site-Level Access to these Sites? • Boilerplate as much relevant archive-level and site-level metadata as is possible into the MODS template • Extract as much useful metadata as is possible from archived web sites W/ARC files (using a perl script or other method that grabs the metadata from meta tags in the W/ARC files)—titles, dates, file types, abstracts, subject keywords, etc. • Leverage LC subject cataloging & language expertise and controlled vocabularies to add subject access

15. Overview of MODS Record Data Elements Title - Extracted from W/ARC file/HTML title tag - Cataloger uses if viable, otherwise supplies Alternative Title - Cataloger supplies if another useful and different title displays on piece Name Personal - Included for some archives, when relevant, cataloger supplies Name Corporate - Included for some archives, when relevant, cataloger supplies Type of Resource - Boilerplate “text” Genre - Boilerplate “Web site” Origin Info - Extracted from W/ARC file – first/last dates captured YYYMMDD(iso8601) Language - Boilerplate in if known (iso639-2b code) - Cataloger can supply additional languages Physical Description - Extracted from W/ARC file/MIME type, e.g., text/css, image/jpeg Abstract - Extracted from W/ARC file/META name=description content - Cataloger can edit/enhance Subject/Keywords - Extracted from W/ARC file/META name=keywords content - Cataloger can edit/enhance Subject/LCSH - Cataloger supplies Collection Title/PID - Boilerplate, collection title & collection PID/handle Identifier - Boilerplate, variant of handle, e.g, hdl:loc.natlib/mrva0000.0000 Note - Extracted from W/ARC file, resolves to URL for active site Location/Usage - Boilerplate item-level PID/handle - PID is registered to resolve to archived Web site URL Access Condition - Boilerplate rights info/permissions info – imported from OSI records Record Info - Boilerplate record creation date - Boilerplate record identifier, handle suffix mrva0000.0000

16. Crisis in Darfur, Sudan 2006 Web Archive Archive size: 218 sites Harvest info: 1 phase, multiple captures Frequency: Varies--weekly to monthly crawls for each site Metadata: 1 collection-level MARC record, with collection level PID 218 item-level MODS records, with item-level PIDs LCSH: 1 boilerplate LCSH heading Unlimited specific LCSH headings at site level—these are selected by cataloger from a list of about 20 LCSH terms that relate to the content in the archive

17. Catalogers’ List for Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

18. Resource Page for an Archived Web Site, Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

19. Bilingual (eng/nor) Archived Web Site - Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

20. Preliminary MODS Record – Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

21. MODS Subject Heading List - Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

22. Completed MODS Record – Darfur, 2006 Web Archive <mods xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" version="3.2"><title Info><title>afrika.no: The Norwegian Council for Africa</title></title Info><type Of Resource>text</type Of Resource><genre>Web site</genre><origin Info><date Captured encoding="iso8601" point="start">20060717</date Captured><date Captured encoding="iso8601" point="end">20061120</date Captured></origin Info><language><language Term authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</language Term><language Term authority="iso639-2b" type="code">nor</language Term></language><physical Description><internet Media Type>application/download</internet Media Type><internet Media Type>application/x-javascript</internet Media Type><internet Media Type>image/bmp</internet Media Type><internet Media Type>image/gif</internet Media Type><internet Media Type>image/jpeg</internet Media Type><internet Media Type>image/pjpeg</internet Media Type><internet Media Type>text/css</internet Media Type><internet Media Type>text/html</internet Media Type></physical Description><abstract>afrika.no - The Index on Africa and Africa News Update. Features news on and links to all countries in Africa. With sections on Culture, Development, Economy, Education, Environment, Health, Human Rights, News and Politics. By the Norwegian Council for Africa.</abstract><subject authority="keyword"><topic>afrika, africa, culture, development, economy, education, environment, health, politics, travel</topic></subject><subject authority="lcsh"><geographic>Sudan</geographic><topic>History</topic><temporal>Darfur Conflict, 2003-</temporal></subject><subject authority="lcsh"><topic>International relief</topic></subject><subject authority="lcsh"><geographic>Sudan</geographic><topic>Economic conditions</topic><temporal>1983-</temporal></subject><related Item type="host"><title Info><title>Crisis in Darfur, Sudan Web Archive, 2006</title></title Info><location><url>http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.natlib/collnatlib.00000011</url></location></related Item><identifier>hdl:loc.natlib/mrva0011.0037</identifier><note type="system details">www.afrika.no/</note><location><url display Label="Archived site">http://loc.archive.org/darfur/2006*/www.afrika.no/</url></location><location><url usage="primary display">http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.natlib/mrva0011.0037</url></location><access Condition>Access restricted to on-site users at the Library of Congress.</access Condition><record Info><record Creation Date encoding="iso8601">20070516</record Creation Date><record Identifier source="dlc">mrva0011.0037</record Identifier></record Info> </mods>

23. Displayed MODS Record - Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

24. Tag Cloud Generated from Archived Web Site Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

25. Library of Congress Web Archives Homepage

26. Collection Overview - Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

27. Search Page - Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

28. Browse Page - Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

29. MARC Collection-Level Record - Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

30. Google Search – Collection-level - Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

31. Google Search – Item-level - Darfur, 2006 Web Archive

32. LC OPAC/ILS SEARCH NUTCHWAX LUCENE SEARCH INTERFACE ARCHIVE-LEVEL HOMEPAGE & MODS RECORDS SEARCH/BROWSE 107th Congress 108th Congress Election 2002 Election 2004 September 11, 2001 Olympics 2002 IraqWar 2003 Papal Transition 2005 Crisis In Darfur 2006 Egypt 2008 Legal Blawgs LC Web Archives – Levels of Access NUTCHWAX INDEXES MODS ITEM-LEVEL RECORDS W/ARC FILES ARCHIVED WEB SITES INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES

33. Results - Pros • Archived resources are searchable and indexable along with other library collections and online resources—METS/MODS records are portable • Item-level and collection-level subject access and controlled vocabularies make these resources highly integratable at the item level and collection-level • Site-level access facilitates searching and browsing within and across web archives—ability to find, refind & cite resources • Good use and reuse of extracted and human-created metadata—friendly environment in which traditional MARC catalogers learn XML and MODS—project benefits from specialized subject cataloger expertise • Flexible and sustainable infrastructure for making web archives available for digital scholarship—stable/citable persistent IDS at the site level and the collection level

34. Results - Cons • Scalability—approach works well with archives of up to 2,000 sites, but hasn’t been tested w/much larger archives • Project investment is basically the same for each archive—whether it’s 100 sites or 2000 sites--project setup still requires template creation, metadata extraction, LCSH analysis at archive level, handle registration, etc.—so essentially the same amount of resources regardless of archive size • Proliferation of needed “sub-workflows” for “types of archives”, i.e., elections, congresses, ovops, etc.

35. NDMSO & ABA Accomplishments in 2009/2010 • NDMSO implemented a workflow management software (SmartSheet) to track web archiving workflow and tasks completed across divisions and Teams (OSI, NDMSO, ABA) • NDMSO enhanced the LCWA/MODS metadata profile to better comply with DLF/Aquifer Guidelines v. 1.1 and updated records • NDMSO wrapped LCWA MODS in a METS wrapper and developed a program to generate a thumbnail image of the first capture to display with METS/MODS record • NDMSO got a n LC site license for oXygen approved so it is available on all LC workstations • NDMSO trained an ABA cataloger to take over oversight and management of MODS cataloging • ABA developed sub-workflows that function within the overall LCWA framework—i.e., for Elections, Congresses, OVOPS, Single Sites, etc.

36. Workflow Management for LCWA Implemented in 2009

37. LCWA Workflow Template in SmartSheet

38. LCWA metadata profile was improved in 2009 to comply with revised DLF/Aquifer Guidelines issued in March 2009<http://www.loc.gov/standards/mdc/docs/>

39. Excel Spreadsheet for OVOPS Data Entry Indonesian General Elections, 2009 Web Archive

40. LCWA raw METS/MODS in XML DataStore Pilot

41. LCWA raw METS/MODS in XML DataStore Pilot

42. LCWA METS/MODS displayed in XML DataStore Pilot

43. Library of Congress XML DataStore ProjectStarting Fall 2010Unified Searching of LC Materials PHASE I (Fall 2010) • LC Online Catalog (OPAC/ILS) – 17 million METS/MODS/MARCXML <http://catalog.loc.gov/> • LC Encoded Archival Description Finding Aids – EADs <http://www.loc.gov/rr/ead/ • LC Performing Arts Encyclopedia (PAE) – 50,000 METS/MODS <http://www.loc.gov/performingarts/> PHASE II • LC American Memory Records – 13 million METS/MODS <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html> • LC Veterans History Project – METS/MODS <http://www.loc.gov/vets/> • LC Web Archives (LCWA) – 8,000+ native METS/MODS <http://www.loc.gov/lcwa/> PHASE III • All other Library Services owned and managed metadata/content--including full-text XML • Tibetan Oral History Project - TEI • Newspaper Project – ALTO XML • Handbook of Latin American Studies – 160,000 article-level MARC TYPES of RECORDS to be included: METS, MODS, MARCXML, EAD, TEI, KML, ALTO, etc.

44. Considerations & Challenges for 2010/2011 • Update LCWA MODS profile to current version of MODS—newest version is MODS 3.4 – and MODS 4.0 is on the horizon • Load, store, search, browse, retrieve LCWA METS/MODS/(perhaps PREMIS) records in LC’s new “XML datastore” (a MarkLogic database) with all other LC records • Create a flexible MODS input/editing form/tool that would hide boilerplate and extracted metadata that cataloger does not need to see—we experimented w/XMLSPY’s Authentic and XForms, but we lost flexibility w/regard to parsed subjects with both of these • Experiment with tag clouds for preliminary access to uncataloged archives, as a possible cataloging tool, and as an alternative display tool at the item and archive levels • Multilingual/Multiscript collections—extracting multilingual/multiscript metadata and providing search and browse in multiple foreign languages, with some that read right to left, such as Arabic—presents new challenges • Preservation issues—identify relevant PREMIS preservation metadata that can be extracted/boilerplated into the METS record/wrapper, and included along with the MODS descriptive metadata • Integrate access to collaborative web archives—access issues will be more complicated because different archiving institutions use different cataloging standards and conventions, PIDs, etc. • Integrate the NutchWAX/SOLR component to provide more comprehensive keyword access to W/ARC files—to complement existing collection and site-level access • Experiment with “preloading” some descriptive metadata into the WARC files—that will be eventually extracted into the preliminary MODS record

45. THAT’S ALL FOLKS tmee@loc.gov