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The Effects of Images on Immediate Free Recall

The Effects of Images on Immediate Free Recall. Elvins Ozolins Mayra Reyes Sophia Salinas Krystal Vasquez. Abstract . The purpose of the study was to see if there are connections between images and free recall. In addition we wanted to see if concrete words would be recalled more often. .

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The Effects of Images on Immediate Free Recall

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  1. The Effects of Images on Immediate Free Recall Elvins Ozolins Mayra Reyes Sophia Salinas Krystal Vasquez

  2. Abstract • The purpose of the study was to see if there are connections between images and free recall. • In addition we wanted to see if concrete words would be recalled more often.

  3. Hypothesis • Primary: Images paired with words would improve free recall. • Secondary: Concrete words would be recalled more frequently than abstract words.

  4. Participants • 20 CSUN students enrolled in Psychology 321. • 4 males, and 16 females. • 55% Hispanic, 25% Asian, 15% Middle Eastern and 5% African American individuals. • Ages ranged between 20-23

  5. Materials • Demographic Form with response sheet. • 4 PowerPoint presentations. • 15 words in each presentation.

  6. Procedure • Participants randomly assigned into two groups. • First group exposed to two PowerPoints with images. • Second Group exposed to PowerPoints without images. • Both groups exposed to concrete and abstract words.

  7. Results: Table

  8. Results: Tests • Study was a 2 x (2) mixed design. A repeated measures ANOVA was run. • Between subjects effects of images were not significant F (1, 18) = 1.12, p > .05. • Within subjects effects of concrete or abstract words was also not significant, F (1, 18) = 3.22, p > .05. • Interaction effects of images and words were not significant, F (1, 18) = .72, p >.05.

  9. Discussion • Primary hypothesis for the effect of images on free recall was not supported. • Secondary hypothesis for concrete words being recalled more frequently was not supported. • Although the results were not significant, the data showed trends toward the hypothesis.

  10. Implications • Findings supported previous research on the capacity of working memory to holding seven plus or minus two chunks of information (Miller, 1956). • Word frequency also shows evidence of primacy and recency.

  11. Limitations • Sample size • Choice of words (difficulty) • Choice of images • Procedure

  12. Future Studies • Bigger sample size • Systematic choice of words and images • More effective procedure

  13. Reference • Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97.

  14. The End

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