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Apuntes #3 The Present Tense of Stem-Changing Verbs: e  ie e  i o  ue double vowel i  y

Apuntes #3 The Present Tense of Stem-Changing Verbs: e  ie e  i o  ue double vowel i  y.

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Apuntes #3 The Present Tense of Stem-Changing Verbs: e  ie e  i o  ue double vowel i  y

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  1. Apuntes #3 The Present Tense of Stem-Changing Verbs: eie ei oue double vowel i  y

  2. There is a fairly large group of verbs in Spanish that undergo changes in their stem when conjugated in the present tense. These changes occur only in the first and second persons singular and third persons singular and plural. When a line is drawn around the forms that change, the resulting shape vaguely resembles a boot or high-top shoe; thus, these verbs are sometimes informally called “boot” or “shoe” verbs. There are three types or classes of “boot” verbs.

  3. Type 1: e  ie We’ll use entender, to understand, as an example of this type. entiendo entiendes entiende entendemos entendéis entienden entender Only the nosotros and vosotros forms don’t change.

  4. Here are some other common e ie verbs: empezar, comenzar to begin pensar to think perder to lose divertirse to have fun querer to want, to love

  5. tener, venir The verbs tener and venir are what might be called partial stem-changing verbs; the yo forms do not have the stem change, but they do have an irregularity. tengo tienes tiene tenemos tenéis tienen Tengo exámenes mañana. I have exams tomorrow. vengo vienes viene venimos venís vienen Vengo de la biblioteca. I’m coming from the library.

  6. Type 2: e  i We’ll use servir, to serve, as an example of this type. sirvo sirves sirve servimos servís sirven servir Note: All ei end in -ir.

  7. Here are some other common e i verbs: *seguir (+ ndo) To follow, to keep on doing something pedir to ask for, to request repetir to repeat, to have a second helping vestirse To get dressed To say/tell *decir

  8. Type 3: o  ue We’ll use almorzar, to have lunch, as an example of this type. almuerzo almuerzas almuerza almorzamos almorzáis almuerzan almorzar

  9. Here are some other common o ue verbs: costar* to cost dormir to sleep encontrar to find poder to be able; can recordar to remember soñar (con) to dream (about) volver to return, to come back *Costar is normally used as cuesta and cuestan.

  10. The verb jugar, to play (games or sports), follows the same pattern as o  ue verbs, but the change is u  ue. juego juegas juega jugamos jugáis juegan jugar

  11. Both querer and preferir can be used with an infinitive directly after them We start with an appropriate person and number of querer or preferir . . . and then add any infinitive. estudiar estudiar leer quiero queremos escribir comer quieres queréis viajar aprender quiere quieren bailar dormir Rafael quiere esquiar, pero su novia prefiere patinar. Rafael wants to ski, but his girlfriend prefers to skate.

  12. Type 4: double vowel i  y We’ll use construir, to build, as an example of this type. construyo construyes construye construimos construis construyen construir only nosotros and vosotros don’t stem change.

  13. Other double vowel  y verbs: destruir destroy incluir to include oír to hear (the “yo” form is oigo)

  14. FIN

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