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Drivers of French Light Rail Success: Preliminary Findings

TRB 91 th Annual Meeting 22-26 January 2012, Washington, DC, USA Session : State-of-the-Art Light Rail: Lessons from France. Drivers of French Light Rail Success: Preliminary Findings. Presentation No: P12-5808. Professor Graham Currie Institute of Transport Studies,

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Drivers of French Light Rail Success: Preliminary Findings

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  1. TRB 91th Annual Meeting22-26 January 2012, Washington, DC, USASession : State-of-the-Art Light Rail: Lessons from France Drivers of French Light Rail Success: Preliminary Findings Presentation No: P12-5808 Professor Graham CurrieInstitute of Transport Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia Tom Parkinson Consultant, British Columbia, Canada

  2. France has pioneered transforming urban mobility using Light Rail Transit...

  3. ...this paper suggests 10 success factors as a basis for further investigation Leadership Funding Urban Form Auto Culture Planning Expertise Culture Flexible Design Integration Utilities

  4. Leadership Mayors with Power and 6 Year Terms Mayor Electoral Term & LRT Construction Time Years Inauguration - Reims Tramway Source: http://www.blogg.org/blog-67213-billet-1315676.html

  5. Funding Versement Transport – flexible funding with deeper pockets for bigger projects Versement Transport VT Per Capita Funding (1997) • A payroll tax - levied on the wages provided by all businesses with 10 or more employees within a transport authority region • Usually 1% of payroll but can be higher if a good case to improve mobility is made e.g. Reims 1.8% • Covers Capital and Operating Costs • Can be sensitive to economic performance Funding Source - STIF Paris 1990-2004

  6. Urban Form High density compact towns where single lines have high impact Key Comparator Statistics Little Rock (USA) Comparator Urban Form Measures 8 km Reims (France) Values 8 km Note: To Same Scale

  7. Auto Culture Less Auto focussed planning Motor Vehicle Ownership Reims – Only Car Access Into CBD Country Vehicles/1000 population Source: OECD Factbook (2006)

  8. Planning Pro-Transit Planning and Consultation (but with protection from NIMBY’s) Pro Transit Planning • Have Urban Master Plans and urban Local Plan which MUST be consistent with 1996 Clean Air Act (Loisurl’air) • Emphasises transit development • Limits use of cars Mandated Consultation • Board of Inquiry (independent of local biases) formed to review projects • Outcome is ‘declaration d’UtilitePublique’ providing Local Powers to act • Tends to emphasise project benefits over NIMBY constraints

  9. Expertise Concentrated Expertise Consultants • A few major consultants have concentrated expertise in design and planning • Avoids reinventing the wheel on new projects Operations/Implementation • Typically contracted with design, build operate transfer contracts • Again concentrated expertise • Lessons learned used on next project rather than reinventing the wheel Commercial-Government Integration • Commercial expertise provided by companies where local governments have a high shareholding

  10. Culture French towns have pride in their unique identity & take ‘ownership’ of projects to emphasise this

  11. Flexible Design Design is for living as much as transport functionality

  12. Flexible Design Concentrating LRV production produces mass customisation benefits

  13. Flexible Design Innovation in key features No Overhead Wires Grass Tracks Tram Train

  14. Integration Ticket and service integration considered essential not nice to have

  15. Utilities Utility relocation a utility company, not a LRT project, responsibility

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