Maritime Delimitation

1. Brazil´s experience using nautical cartography to fix maritime boundaries Maritime Delimitation IHO Seminarfor Chairmen of National Hydrographic Committees Acapulco – Oct 02-04th, 2006 DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

2. Summary Maritime Delimitation • Introduction • The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea • The Brazilian case • Supporting relationship • Conclusion DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

3. Summary Maritime Delimitation • Introduction • The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea • The Brazilian case • Supporting relationship • Conclusion DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

4. Terrestrial Frontiers Maritime Delimitation • Introduction • Established from stand out geographic points • Almost total terrestrial frontiers are established DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

5. Maritime Frontiers Maritime Delimitation • Introduction • Can’t be physically settled • Until 1982: arbitrary criteria • Without control conditions • 1982: UNCLOS DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

6. Summary Maritime Delimitation • Introduction • The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea • The Brazilian case • Supporting relationship • Conclusion DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

7. Opened for signature in 1982, Jamaica Define objectives criteria into the establishment of maritime boundaries Maritime Delimitation The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

8. Give new concepts other than unrestricted sovereign (territorial) Maritime Delimitation The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

9. Coastal States exercise sovereignty over their territorial sea which they have the right to establish its breadth up to a limit not to exceed 12 nautical miles; foreign vessels are allowed "innocent passage" through those waters; The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Key features DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

10. Coastal States have sovereign rights in a 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) with respect to natural resources whether living or non-living and certain economic activities, and exercise jurisdiction over marine scientific research and environmental protection; The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Key features DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

11. The limits of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of islands are determined in accordance with rules applicable to land territory, but rocks which could not sustain human habitation or economic life of their own would have no economic zone or continental shelf; The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Key features DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

12. DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

13. Baselines The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Key of the Keys hydrography Art. 5 - …is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State. low-water large-scale charts officially regognized authority n. cartography DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

14. Continental Shelf The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Key of the Keys Art. 76 ......(4a i ii) 60 nautical miles from the foot of slope...... (5) not exceed 100 nautical miles from the 2500 isobath Hydrography, geology and cartography DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

15. Baselines Territorial Sea 2500 isobath The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Key of the Keys DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

16. Baselines Territorial Sea The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Key of the Keys DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

17. Summary Maritime Delimitation • Introduction • The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea • The Brazilian case • Supporting relationship • Conclusion DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

18. Bilateral agreement with France and Uruguay Outer limit under examination by the CLCS (UN) Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian case DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

19. Agreement with France Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian case DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

20. Agreement with France Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian case DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

21. Agreement with Uruguay Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian case DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

22. Agreement with Uruguay Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian case DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

23. Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian case EEZ Outer limit DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

24. Bathymetric and seismic surveys Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian case Besides the outer limit definition the State also increases its scientific knowledge DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

25. Resources Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian case • Legal • Organizational • Human • Technological • Material State State and / or agreement DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

26. Summary Maritime Delimitation • Introduction • The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea • The Brazilian case • Supporting relationship • Conclusion DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

27. National and international Agreements IHO MACHC Maritime Delimitation Supporting relationship DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

28. Summary Maritime Delimitation • Introduction • The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea • The Brazilian case • Supporting relationship • Conclusion DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

29. The international community established, by the Convention, a pacific, consensus, and reasonable way, to solve disputes and to guarantee rights, in maritime subjects. Maritime Delimitation Conclusion DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

30. Each State is encouraged to make it’s pronouncement based on the established UNCLOS parameters Maritime Delimitation Conclusion DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

31. It’s necessary a huge effort to guarantee the rights. This effort should be proportional: to the kind of interest to the available resources to the existing resources Maritime Delimitation Conclusion DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006

32. Maritime Delimitation Comments and Questions ?! DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006