Non Sequiter “It does not follow”

1. Non Sequiter“It does not follow” • The writer’s conclusion is not necessarily a logical result of the facts Because Kelly speaks English, she will get an A in AP English “Me fail English? That’s unpossible”

2. Hasty Generalization • The writer bases the argument on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence. • Because Kelly is failing English, Mrs. Vander Vliet dislikes her.

3. Begging the Question • The writer presents as truth what is not yet proven by the argument. • The soul-crushing curriculum of an overly difficult class such as AP English leaves students like Kelly unprepared and traumatized for college.

4. Group 5 Elena Flynn Hannah Kruman Melissa Zhou Siddharth Ambatipudi

5. Faulty Analogy Definition: When the writer uses an extended comparison as proof of a point, and the two things being compared are not really similar. Example: Putting teenagers in a sexual education class is like taking alcoholics to a bar.

6. Quick Fix Definition: when the writer leans too heavily on catchy phrases or empty slogans to grab attention, but it loses persuasiveness Example:

7. Circular Thinking Definition: When the writer makes a statement that presents a second half that restates what has already been implied in the first. Example: There aren’t enough parking spaces for students on campus because there are too many cars.

8. Group 3: Logical Fallacies Max Davish, Mac Emery, Jason Shavel, & Larissa Witte

9. (1) Faulty use of Authority When misplaced authority is used to give credibility to an argument, when in fact the credibility of the given authority is not necessarily applicable. 9 out of 10 respected dentists highly recommend the new Nike running sneakers that are being sold in stores now.

10. (1) Faulty use of Authority

11. (2) Ad Populum Evasion of the actual issue involved in an argument by appealing to the emotions of readers and their reactions to certain ideas or words Only a Communist scumbag slime would favor the social security program in the United States.

12. (2) Ad Populum

13. (3) Slippery Slope A false assumption that one event gradually and inevitably leads to another. www.youtube.com/watch?v=7udQSHWpL88 (Direct TV commercial)

14. RED “BRINGING UP SOMETHING IRRELEVANT” Mom: Go take out the trashJimmy: No. Mom: Jimmy. You need to take out the trash. Jimmy: Mom. Remember the time you forgot me in the supermarket. ..that’s why I cant. Mom: Yes, I do. But that doesn’t have anything to do with taking out the trash. HERRING

15. AD HOMINEM *Radio plays*Mom: This music is greeaaat. Jimmy: Mom. You’re old. How would you know what good music is? “ATTACKING THE CHARACTER”

16. POST HOC Jimmy: Mom. PLeeease let me go to the concert. Pleasse. Mom: NO. Jimmy: But last time I went, dad got a promotion….Mom: I don’t think that was why. SO still no. “JUST BECAUSE IT COMES AFTER IN TIME”

17. Bandwagon • Convinces the reader that “good people” would support the author • Example: “Discriminating women use Smacky-Mouth lipstick” Jump right on… all the attractive AP Eng. students (and ninjas) are doing it

18. Create a “Straw Man” you can easily push over! Straw Man • Misrepresents or oversimplifies the opposition with a particularly weak point that the author can knock down • Example: • Opposing argument: We should support green ways for people to get around, such as by building bike paths. • Straw man argument: If we build bike lanes, the bicyclists will ignore traffic rules and endanger drivers.

19. Hypostatization = ? concrete • Uses concept as a fact abstract Examples: • “Science has proven…” • “Research shows…” • “History has taught us…” • “Plothos* proves…” *term coined by Theo Caputi for a combination of pathos, logos, and ethos; the rhetorical appeals