1 / 21

Objectives

Objectives. Compare the structure of RNA with that of DNA. Summarize the process of transcription. Relate the role of codons to the sequence of amino acids that results after translation. Outline the major steps of translation. Discuss the evolutionary significance of the genetic code.

sezja
Download Presentation

Objectives

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Objectives • Compare the structure of RNA with that of DNA. • Summarize the process of transcription. • Relate the role of codons to the sequence of amino acids that results after translation. • Outline the major steps of translation. • Discuss the evolutionary significance of the genetic code.

  2. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins Decoding the Information in DNA • Traits determined by proteins. • Instructions coded in DNA. HOWEVER • Not built directly from DNA. • Uses ribonucleic acid (RNA).

  3. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins Click here to play clip Ribonucleic Acid

  4. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins How is RNA different? • 3 ways: 1. RNA is single strand of nucleotides. (DNA is 2) 2. RNA has ribose. (DNA has deoxyribose) 3. RNA replaces thymine (T) with uracil (U).

  5. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins Comparing DNA and RNA

  6. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins • DNA instructions transferred to RNA by transcription. • RNA instructions read. • Amino acids put together according to instructions, making protein. • Called translation.

  7. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins • Entire process (DNA  RNA  Protein) called gene expression, or protein synthesis.

  8. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins Gene Expression Click here to play clip

  9. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins Transcription • 3 steps: Step 1 - RNA polymerase binds to gene. Step 2 - DNA unwind and separate. Step 3 - Complementary RNA nucleotides. Makes mRNA – messenger RNA.

  10. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins Transcription

  11. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins Transcription Click here to play clip

  12. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins Types of RNA

  13. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins The Genetic Code: Three-Nucleotide “Words” • Messenger RNA (mRNA) - Carries the DNA instructions to translation site – • Ribosome • RNA language (nucleotides)  protein language (amino acids) • RNA language – series of 3-nucleotide codons • 64 codons – 20 diff’t amino acids, start, stop

  14. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins Genetic Code

  15. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins Codes in mRNA

  16. Chapter 10 Section 1 From Genes to Proteins Codons in mRNA

  17. Section 2 Gene Regulation and Structure Chapter 10 Mutations

  18. Section 2 Gene Regulation and Structure Chapter 10 Mutations • Gene alteration – change in gene. • Point mutation - single nucleotide changes. • Insertion mutation - sizable length of DNA added. • Deletion mutation - segments of gene lost.

  19. Section 2 Gene Regulation and Structure Chapter 10 Mutations, continued • Chromosomal Mutations – change in number or structure of chromosome. • Deletion – lost of some or all of chromosome. • Duplication – segment repeated. • Inversion – segment oriented in reverse. • Translocation – 2 diff’t chromosomes exchange segments.

  20. Section 2 Gene Regulation and Structure Chapter 10 Major Types of Mutations

  21. Section 2 Gene Regulation and Structure Chapter 10 Types of Gene Mutations

More Related