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Office Ergonomics

Learn how ergonomic design principles can prevent stress and chronic inflammation, reducing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Discover tips for office ergonomics to alleviate wrist, hand, shoulder, and back issues.

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Office Ergonomics

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  1. Office Ergonomics

  2. Stress to the body may occur when a person is exposed to certain high risk activities If the stress is greater than the body’s normal recovery period, inflammation of the tissue can follow Chronic inflammation will lead to the development of a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) Musculoskeletal Disorders MSDs

  3. The body of knowledge about human abilities, human limitations and human characteristics that are relevant to design. Ergonomic design is the application of this body of knowledge to the design of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for safe, comfortable and effective use. The field of study that seeks to fit the job to the person, rather than the person to the job. This is achieved by evaluation and design of workplaces, environments, jobs, tasks, blah, blah, blah…. Lets not forget Ergonomics...

  4. The goal of ergonomics is to make an activity easy and safe to perform The Bottom Line...

  5. E arly Response Gains Opportunity Communications Pain prevention Cost containment Education Intervention Solutions Early Intervention is Critical

  6. Wrist and Hand Issues

  7. Tendonitis • Tendon function • transmit force from muscle to bone • Micro tears of tendon occur daily • Typically repair themselves • With repeated loading repair is not adequate • Pain / Inflammation

  8. Primary Risk Factors... • Repetition • Force • Prolonged or awkward positions • Compression

  9. Repetition • 50,000 to 200,000 key strokes per day • Technology • Speed • No built in breaks • Less variation in work

  10. Posture: Orientation to Work • Elbows at 90° to 105° • Whenever possible, unload your upper extremity

  11. From the Top… • Position keyboard relative to major functions • Minimize wrist deviation

  12. The Downside of Laptops…

  13. Compression

  14. Compression • Avoid reaching up and over • Consider the wrist-rest as a transitional landing pad; not as the “bus stop” for your wrists

  15. Carpal Tunnel

  16. Carpal Tunnel • Best known MSD • Compression of the median nerve at the wrist • Tunnel made up of nine flexor tendons and one peripheral nerve • Numbness and tingling on the thumb side of the hand

  17. Carpal Tunnel

  18. Surgical Release of Tunnel

  19. Wrist Positioning for Mousing…

  20. The Cervical Spine

  21. Cervical Spine Anatomy

  22. Weight of the Head = 10 lbs.

  23. Up-right Neutral Posture

  24. Forward Head Postures

  25. Muscular support of the Neck

  26. The Process of Degeneration

  27. Forward Postures Equal Trouble • Muscular Strain • Tension Headaches • Ligament Laxity • TMJ • Degenerative Arthritis • Nerve Root Compromise

  28. So if forward head postures are so bad, why do we do it ? Question...

  29. “The Need to See” As components and associated circuits have continued to shrink, operators have found ways to enhance their individual focal lengths for vision This has led to a variety of very predictable postural accommodations

  30. Targeting the Work Targeting of large objects can be performed at a distance > 15 inches Targeting of small objects need to be performed at 6-10 inches, i.e., needle and thread

  31. Targeting Your Computer…

  32. Targeting Your Computer…

  33. Glare…

  34. Lighting Options…

  35. Proper Seating

  36. Upper Extremity Unloading

  37. Lever Arms & Forces

  38. Shoulder Injuries • Impingement Syndrome • bursitis • rotator cuff tendonitis / tears • Risk Factors • overhead reaching / lifting • sustained overhead positions • force and repetition

  39. Anatomy of the Shoulder

  40. Shoulder Impingement

  41. Low Back Pain • Review of the anatomy • normal curves • bony columns • function of the disc • spinal cord & nerve roots • degenerative issues • Maintain the balance

  42. Normal Curves of the Spine

  43. Columns of Support • Posterior column of support • made up of the facet column • very stable • reflects an upright posture • Anterior column of support • made up of body of vertebra and the disc • less stable • reflects a flexed posture

  44. A Close-up Look

  45. Forward Bending • Too much spinal flexion • loads the anterior column of support • places the posterior wall of the disc at risk • has the potential for nerve root compromise

  46. Balance the Curves

  47. Safe Lifting • Up-right neutral posture • Posterior column of support • Stable - less risk of injury

  48. Avoid Twisting

  49. Avoid the Issues When Possible

  50. Test Your Loads - Seek Help...

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