The Madras Progressive Union

1. The Madras Progressive Union Higher secondary School Chennai - 600 079 GUIDED BY PRESENTED BY Mrs.C.D.Anuradha P.R.Parthiban R.Rajasekar J.Krishna moorthy D.Sathishkumar P.Rajesh

2. CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES • The important chemical industries: • Petroleum industries • Soap industries • Match industries • Fertilizers industries • Composition of L.P.G

3. PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES Petroleum is a dark coloured oily liquid with a characteristic odour .It is a mixture of hydrocarbons formed by decomposition of plant and animal remains buried inside the earth. In India Petroleum oil wells are found in • 1.Ankles war and Kalol in Gujarat. • 2.Rudrasagar and Lakwa in Assam. • 3.Mumbai high Petroleum is extracted by drilling holes in the earth’s crust and sinking pipes until the drill penetrates the oil bearing sands sometimes the oil rushes out through due to the pressure exerted by natural gas inside. If the pressure of the gas diminishes, the oil is obtained by plumping. The crude oil thus obtained is then taken to refineries. Petroleum is separated into its constituents by the process of fractional Crude oil consist of a mixture of various gases,liquid,solids,semisolids of hydrocarbons,water,salt,earth particles and many useful organic compounds.

5. MATCH INDUSTRY 1. Preparation of match sticks: Wooden sticks are dipped first in wax. Then they are dipped in a paste containing antimony sulphide, potassium chlorate and sulphur. 2. Preparation of match box sides: The side of match box is coated with a paste containing red phosphorous, powdered glass and glue. When the match stick is rubbed against the sides of the match box red phosphorous is ignited, a tiny spark is produced. It ignites antimony sulphide, sulphur and the match stick.

6. FERTILISER INDUSTRY • Fertilizers and their types: • There are two types of fertilizers, natural and artificial fertilizers. • The bulk of natural fertilizers comes in the form of farm yard manure, rotten vegetables. • Artificial fertilizers or chemicals fertilizers are chemical Substance which enrich the soil with essential plant nutrients nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium (N,P,K) • There are three types of chemical fertilizers • 1.Nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g. Ammonium sulphate) • 2.Phosphatic fertilizers ( e.g. Calcium super phosphate) • 3.Potash fertilizers (e.g. Potassium chloride)

7. COMPOSITION OF L.P.G • L.P.G or Liquefied Petroleum Gas is a gaseous fuel.L.P.G commonly used for domestic heating purpose. • L.P.G mainly contains butane along with small amounts of propane,iso butane,butylenes etc., • The liquid petroleum gas produced by Indian Oil Corporation(IOC)is known as “Indane.”Indane is a mixture of butane and propane. • The gases are compressed into liquid and filled in cylinders.As the knob is opened they become gaseous due to release in pressure. • LP gases are colourless odourless.In order to detect gas leakages, a foul smelling substance like ethyl mercaptan(thioalcohol) is in small quantity in LP Gases. BUTANE CYLINDER

8. PROPER DISPOSAL OF WASTES FROM CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES • AIR POLLUTION : • Air,water and land constitute man’s environment.The introduction of harmful materials into the air,water and soil is environmental pollution. • It is mainly caused by smoke containing carbon particles,ashes,metallic particles produced by burning of coal, petroleum etc. . 1. WATER POLLUTION : It is caused by hazardous pollutants like acids,bases,dyestuffs,cadmium,mercury,many salts,cyanide effluents from electroplating process, crude oil spillages in factories etc. SOLID POLLUTION: It is caused as the industrial wastes gets accumulated in the soil.salts discharged during metellurgical process carbon from coal mines,excessive fertilisers in the soil.