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Group DSQ

Group DSQ. Picture is of Flash. Explain the colors in the image as a group on a single DSQ sheet. Group DSQ. Which of the following is NOT evidence of the big bang theory? The universe is getting bigger? Abundance of Hydrogen and Helium CMBR everywhere Stars that are blue shifted

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Group DSQ

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  1. Group DSQ Picture is of Flash. Explain the colors in the image as a group on a single DSQ sheet.

  2. Group DSQ • Which of the following is NOT evidence of the big bang theory? • The universe is getting bigger? • Abundance of Hydrogen and Helium • CMBR everywhere • Stars that are blue shifted • Why is the Big Bang Theory the most accepted theory for how the universe was formed? • It is the most simple explanation forthe evidence we have • Science has proven it beyond doubt • A small group of scientist said it was the best opinion • What were the first elements formed after the big bang? • Carbon and Nitrogen • Gold and Iron • Hydrogen and Helium • Lithium and Boron • The steady state theory says that the universe • The universe is not expanding • Started as a dense, hot point • Always is, always was, and always will be. • Moves in cycles, expanding and contracting

  3. DSQ • Which wave is the furthest red shifted? • Which wave is the furthest blue shifted? • If each wave was coming from a galaxy, which is furthest away? A B C

  4. DSQ • Which wave is the furthest red shifted? • Which wave is the furthest blue shifted? • If each wave was coming from a galaxy, which is furthest away?

  5. DSQ • How do you get a baby astronaut to sleep? • Where does an astronaut dock his spacecraft? • What type of song does the 8th planet sing? • How does the man in the moon cut his hair? • Why couldn’t the astronaut book a room on the moon?

  6. DSQ • How do you get a baby astronaut to sleep? You rocket. • Where does an astronaut dock his spacecraft? Parking Meteor • What type of song does the 8th planet sing? Nep-tune • How does the man in the moon cut his hair? Eclipses it • Why couldn’t the astronaut book a room on the moon? Because it was full

  7. What is astronomy? • The branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. • Anyone who studies the night sky can be an astronomer. • The field of astronomy needs other support from various types of professions including engineers, mathematicians, computer coders, technicians, glassmakers, astronauts, etc.

  8. Formation of the Universe

  9. “In the very beginning, there was a void, a curious form of vacuum, nothingness containing no space, no time, no matter, no light, no sound. Yet the laws of nature were in place and this curious vacuum held potential. A story logically begins at the beginning, but this story is about the universe and unfortunately there are no data for the beginnings—none, zero. We don’t know anything about the universe until reaches the mature age of a billion of a trillionth of a second. That is, some very short time after creation in the big bang. When you read or hear anything about the birth of the universe, someone is making it up— we are in the realm of philosophy. Only God knows what happened at the very beginning.” --Taken from The God Particle by Leon Lederman, a Nobel Prize winner

  10. Big Bang Theory • The Big Bang Theory was first proposed in the late 1920’s. • Big Bang Theory States - The universe originated billions of years ago in an explosion from a single infinitely dense point of nearly infinite energy.

  11. Big Bang Theory • The Big Bang is believed to have occurred between 10 and 15 billionyearsago. (Most scientists agree that the universe is 13.7 billion years old.) • Two elements, hydrogen and helium were created in the primordial fireball, along with small amounts of lithium and beryllium.

  12. Georges Henri Lemaitre • Late 1920’s • Belgian Astronomer and Jesuit Priest • Known as the “Father of the Big Bang” • First suggested that the universe formed from a singularity but had no evidence.

  13. Steady State Theory • Opposes the Big Bang Theory • Steady State Theory states that the universe has always been essentially the same as it is today and that it will continue that way forever. • As matter moves apart, new matter is created to fill the gaps.

  14. Evidence of the Big Bang 1. The expansion of the universe Edwin Hubble's 1929 observation that galaxies were generally receding from us provided the first clue that the Big Bang theory might be right.

  15. Edwin Hubble • 1929 • Studied light given off by galaxies. • Noticed that light from most galaxies was shifted to the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum. • Proposed Hubble’s Law after studying these galaxies.

  16. Hubble’s Law • The rate at which a galaxy is moving is directly proportional to its distance from us. • In other words, the farther away a galaxy is from us, the faster it travels away from us. • Thus the universe is expanding.

  17. Electromagnetic Spectrum

  18. Hubble’s Law • All Galaxies exhibit redshifts of spectral lines. • More Distant Galaxies Recede Faster

  19. Evidence of the Big Bang 2. The abundance of the light elements H, He, Li As the Universe expanded and cooled down, some of the elements that we see today were created. The Big Bang theory predicts how much of each element should have been made in the early universe, and what we see in very distant galaxies and old stars is just right.

  20. Evidence of the Big Bang 3. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation • The universe was very hot. As it expandedthe heat left behind a "glow" that fills the entire Universe. The Big Bang theory not only predicts that this glow should exist, but that it should be visible as microwaves - part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum. • This is the Cosmic Microwave Background which has been accurately measured by orbiting detectors, and is very good evidence that the Big Bang theory is correct.

  21. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation • Long-wavelength radiation that fills all space. • Can be detected using special antenna. (1% of this can be detected in the static on your TV set.) • George Gamow (1940’s) predicted there should be “echoes” of the Big Bang “explosion.”

  22. Bell Laboratories • Penzias and Wilson (1965) were radio astronomers who worked for Bell Telephone Laboratories. • Found a mysterious microwave signal causing background noise in their radio telescope. • The signal came from everywhere. Arno Penzias Robert Wilson

  23. COBE • Cosmic Background Explorer (1989) • Probe that looked 15 billion light years into space to detect tiny temperature changes. • These temperature changes were evidence of the heat left over from the Big Bang.

  24. WMAP • In June 2001, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) captured the “glow” of the Big Bang by detecting temperature changes just like COBE. • WMAP was much more precise.

  25. Historical Observations of the CMB and Anisotropy

  26. Evidence of the Big Bang 4. Looking back in time • The main alternative to the Big Bang theory of the Universe is called the Steady State theory. In this theory, the Universe does not change very much with time. • Remember that because light takes a long time to travel across the Universe, when we look at very distant galaxies, these galaxies are quite different from those today suggesting that the universe has changed. • This fits better with the Big Bang theory than the Steady State theory. .

  27. Light • A light year is defined as the distance that light travels in one earth year. • Light travels at • 300,000 km/s or • 186,000 mi/s

  28. Remember… • Time and Space are Inseparable… • Light travels at a finite speed (3 x 108 m/s) • When you look into the night sky, you look into the past… • The farther out you look, the farther back in time you see… • The sequence of events in the evolution of the universe are “written” in space like an eternal movie…

  29. Into the Past

  30. Timeline • 13.5-14 years ago – Big Bang • 13 Years ago – Atoms are formed • 12 years ago - first stars and galaxies • 5 years ago - earth forms • 4 years – single cell • 6 months ago – multicellular organisms • 3 weeks – dinosaurs extinct • 3 days ago – Humans and chimpanzees split • 50 minutes ago – first Homo sapiens • 26 minutes – humans left Africa • 6 minutes ago - American Indians discover America • 5 minutes ago - agriculture • 3 minutes ago - ancient Egypt • 24 seconds ago - black death • 6 seconds ago - industrial revolution • 2 seconds ago - world war 1 • 1 second ago - Cold War, Man on the moon, your birth

  31. Big Picture Timeline

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