HIGH RISK WARRANT SERVICE

1. HIGH RISK WARRANT SERVICE

2. INSTRUCTORS • Captain Billy Lee: 402-7769 • Lt. Ed Allen: 402-5783 • Lt. Tony Fannin: 402-9944 • Lt. Mike Weippert 402-4911

4. Course Overview • Warrants and High Risk Criteria • Team Organization and Selection • Basic and Specialty Equipment • Special Skills • Mission Planning • Execution • Critique • Practical Drills • Scenario Drills

5. History. . . • 1972 - Munich Olympic Games • 2 Israeli athletes killed by Black September, PLO terrorists. • 9 other Israelis, 5 terrorists, 1 police officer killed at time of hostage rescue attempt. • Realized a tactical component missing - Hostage Rescue. • 1982 - LAPD conducted joint training with D.O.D., special operations units in preparation for 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles. • Epidemic of “crack cocaine” in fortified “rock houses” in American cities

6. Warrant Types and Scope • Warrant - a judicial order authorizing the seizure or search of a person, place or thing. • Applicant - any sworn local, state or federal law enforcement officer. • Authorization - any circuit/county judge or federal magistrate.

7. Application Process • Affidavit - establishes probable cause and requests who, what, where, when, etc. to be searched or seized. Written by applicant. • Warrant - order identifying what action is to be taken. Written by judge.

8. Warrant Types • Inspection warrant - very limited in scope, normally limited to inventory and records regarding alcohol and tobacco. • Seizure warrant - to take physical control of an item or real property. • Arrest warrant - no expiration date, normally does not limit where or time. • Search Warrant - authorization to enter and search a dwelling, vehicle, container, or even a person. Will always specify items to be searched for and location.

9. What to look for in a warrant: • Read affidavit - possible intel • Confirm info in affidavit matches info on warrant. • Address of target location - including directions • Date warrant signed • Signature of judge

10. Search Warrant will not: • Authorize the arrest of subjects, only the detention of. • Authorize you to bring suspects back on to property. • Authorize a “no knock” entry.

11. Forced Entry into a Dwelling Wilson v. Arkansas, 514 U.S. 927 (1995) Before forcing entry into a dwelling based on a warrant or exigent circumstances, officer must knock and announce their presence and purpose before such forced entry (such forced entry would include walking in an unlocked door unannounced) is made unless: • The officer’s purpose is already known to the occupant • When the personal safety of the officer or others would be jeopardized by the announcement • When the delay caused by the announcement may enable the suspect to escape • When a prisoner has escaped and retreated to his home • When the announcement may cause evidence to be destroyed.

12. How Long Must Officer Wait Following a Knock and Announce United States v. Banks, 540 U.S. 31 (2003). Following a knock and announce, officers may force entry in order to prevent the occupants from destroying evidence. When forcing entry for this purpose officers need not wait any longer than it would take for an occupant to begin destroying evidence. In a drug case the Court found a 15-20 second wait for a response at the door, prior to forcing entry, to be sufficient.

13. High Risk Criteria . . . • Violent crime(s) involved. • Suspect(s) have history of violent behavior. • Suspect(s) inside are known to be armed. • Reasonable belief weapons would be used against law enforcement. • Location is heavily fortified. • Reasonable belief evidence can and will be destroyed through delayed entry. • Not feasible to detain/arrest suspect(s) outside Armed lookouts/guards present. • Community support for on-going, criminal enterprise. • Exigent circumstances.

14. Hostage Rescue vs. Narcotics . . . • Hostage Rescue • Life hangs in the balance. • Search/Arrest/Narcotics Raids • Is there a compelling reason to use dynamic tactics? There is a difference! “Hostage rescue will never reach the level that the tactical commander can guarantee the outcome of a forcible rescue attempt!” Bud Graves, Sgt., LAPD retired

15. “No-Go” Dynamic Entry . . . • When the element of SURPRISE is lost. • No compelling reason to get inside a location quickly. • When risks to other non-involved residents are increased by potential for confrontation. • When the risks to law enforcement outweigh the necessity to recover narcotics or other evidence.

16. Reducing The Risk In High-Risk Warrant Service . . . • Causal factors - • officers injured . . . • Poor weapons handling • and training. • Failure to identify an • actual threat - reacting • and shooting a partner • officer. • Inadequate planning and • briefing causing confusion. • Improper tactics and poor • execution of the warrant(s). • Too many warrant services • by the same personnel. • Uncontrolled and reactive fear. . . . Ron McCarthy, Sgt. LAPD, retired

17. Risk Assessment . . .

18. The Basics . . . • Firearms manipulation, accuracy & safety. • Move with finger off trigger! • Ability to shoot on the move • Point weapon in direction you look. • Well coordinated/practiced team • Multiple entry points (primary/secondary). • Sufficient number of personnel to do the job. • Controlled speed . . .don’t run!

19. continued (The Basics) . . . • Never chase a suspect inside . . . • Cover. • Alert other team members. • Uncooperative suspect . . . • Get assistance (“trailers”). • Don’t tie up with weapon exposed. • Control (front kick?) • Weapon retention. • Communication essential - advise team “clear” when room clear.

20. continued (The Basics) . . . • Distraction Device(s). • Place carefully. • Clear corners first - then center of room. • Always move together. • “First in - first out”. • Don’t stop in doorways. • Concentrate on threat area. • Suspect contact . . . • You contact - you control. • Verbalize. • Next team member fills vacancy. • “Prone”/”Kneel” suspects.

21. continued (The Basics) . . . • If shooting occurs . . . • Get cover • Assess situation • Hold ground • “Officer down” - closest person covers, next person recovers officer. • Clear low and high, behind drapes and small areas.

22. Must have . . . • Surprise • Speed (controlled!) • Aggressive action • Accuracy • Distraction/ Diversions

23. Team leader Entry Breacher Long cover Medic Inner perimeter Outer Perimeter Marked announcement Team Organization

24. Team member selection • Experienced Officers • Dependable No Shortcuts • Physical Conditioning • Practical Skills • Sound Use of Force Decisions • Performs Well under Stress

25. BASIC EQUIPMENT Uniform Identification Safety Equipment Eye Protection Gloves Helmet Elbow Pads Knee Pads

26. Battering Ram Sledge Hammer Haligan Tool Pry Bar Bolt Cutters Hooks/Straps/Chains Ballistic Shields Distraction Devices Specialty Munitions C02 Fire Extinguisher Catch Poles Air Purifying Respirators SPECIALTY EQUIPMENT & TRAINING

27. SPECIALTY VEHICLES

30. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW • Preplanning • Preparation of the tactical plan • Rehearsal • Briefing • Deployment • Post Operational Activities/ Debriefing

31. PREPLANNING • Meeting with Team Leader, Scout and requesting investigator • Obtain all available intelligence • Case History • Read the Warrant • Requesting Investigator Information

32. Planning Information Sources • Investigator • Case File • Scouting • Photographs/Video • Maps • Databases/Records

33. Investigator Briefing • Establish a good rapport • Briefing Points • Suspect Information • Occupants • Vehicles • Area surrounding target site • Specific target site information • Other Hazards

34. Scouting Mission • Use a Checklist • Binoculars • Video Recorder • Camera • Stopwatch

35. Intelligence Gathering Drive-bys • Confirm investigator’s intelligence • Determine approach routes/times • Establish staging points • Determine primary and secondary breaching points • Evaluate the approach to the target

36. IntelligenceGathering Drive-bys • Evaluate the target • Does the structure match the floor plan provided • Identify breaching points • Door material/locks/security grates • Is the approach route exposed • Security system and/or lights • Fences

37. Preplanning • Location and drive route to hospital • Command post location

38. The Tactical Plan • Review Scouting with Supervisor • Use an established planning format • Use a checklist

39. The Tactical Plan • Determine number of personnel and logistics • Make assignments (specific) • Determine communication requirements • Determine perimeter control needs

40. The Tactical Plan • Determine time of execution • Determine travel time to target • Consider a holding area enroute • Determine rehearsal time • Establish a briefing time

41. WarrantRehearsal • Ensure everyone knows their assigned role • Provide an advanced opportunity to use and test specialized equipment • Layout your target • Full gear • Line up vehicles and simulate execution

42. WarrantBriefing • Investigator Case Review • Mission • Concept of operation • Assignments • Vehicle line-up • Contingencies • All personnel

43. Warrant Briefing • Detailed tactical briefing for Entry Team • Separate general briefing forothers involved

44. Deployment • Non Entry team to pre-designated area until called • Last minute drive-by (unless sentries in place) • Entry Team responds marked and unmarkedvehicles • Containment/Perimeter team move to position • Announcements are made • Entry is made • Entire location should be cleared again

45. Deploymentcontinued • Periodic updates to investigators • Once location is secured investigators are called in to conduct search • All Entry Team activities are logged

46. Post-OperationActivities • Pertinent information is provided to investigators • A property damage assessment is conducted and recorded • All equipment is inventoried • Diagrams of location are prepared for critique and file • Team leaves location unless needed for security • A comprehensive post-operation report and critique is conducted

47. WarrantServiceDebriefingChecklist • Planning phase • Briefing • Travel phase • Deployment phase • Entry phase • Post-operation phase