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Reciprocating Engines

Reciprocating Engines. Recips. Romans invented the reciprocating engine in Saw mills that lined rivers. The concept was adapted to the heat engine and ultimately the steam engine. Around the late 1800’s some German guys get the picture. First Options. Back to Reality. Lets Brake It Down.

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Reciprocating Engines

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  1. Reciprocating Engines

  2. Recips • Romans invented the reciprocating engine in Saw mills that lined rivers. • The concept was adapted to the heat engine and ultimately the steam engine. • Around the late 1800’s some German guys get the picture.

  3. First Options

  4. Back to Reality

  5. Lets Brake It Down • Engine Case • Holds everything that makes up the engine • Accessories and items are either bolted on, or held in via bearings. • Made of aluminum

  6. Cylinders • Cylinders house pistons, rods, valves • Cylinders are made of steel • Cylinder integrity is of the utmost importance

  7. Pistons • Made of Steel • Provide the resistance and force in combustion. • Connect to the crankshaft via a connecting rod.

  8. Crankshaft • Steel forged unit of the engine which transmits lateral force into rotary force. • The key to the reciprocating engines design

  9. Camshaft • Used to ensure proper engine timing • Gear driven by the crankshaft

  10. Valves • The camshaft controls the lifters which in turn control the valve timing. • Exhaust valves and intake valves have different angles and sizes

  11. Spark Plugs • Create the ignition event

  12. Bearings • Allow for a thin film of oil to separate two metal bodies • Several Types • Ball • Roller • Thrust • Radial • Plain

  13. Accessory Case • All gear driven accessories come off of either the front of rear of the engine.

  14. Two Stroke Engine

  15. Otto Cycle • You may know more provocative terminology but for our case Nikolaus Otto invented the first practical use 4 cycle engine.

  16. Broken Down http://flash.aopa.org/asf/engine_prop/swf/flash.cfm?WT.mc_id=100806epilot&WT.mc_sect=sap

  17. What’s in a Name • AEIO 540 L1B5 • Aerobatic • Horizontally Opposed • Fuel Injected • 540 Cubic Inch Displacement • IOF 240 B5B • Fuel Injected • Horizontally Opposed • Fadec Controlled • 240 Cubic Inch Displacement

  18. Identifiers • H – Helicopter • R – Radial • T – Turbocharged • S – Supercharged • V – Vertical • E – Experimental • L – Left Turning • F – Fan Cooled

  19. Displacement • Stroke x (.5 x Bore)2 xπx Number of Cylinders

  20. Compression Ratio • The pressure difference between TDC and BDC • Finding Engine compression is generally the easiest way to determine the health status of an engine • Compression testing is done every 100Hr or Annual

  21. Compression Test • Mechanics use differential pressure to determine how good the cylinder is retaining pressure. • Shop pressure is set to 80psi, the piston is brought to TDC • We read the prevailing pressure on the other gauge • We want as close to 80psi as possible • Engine should be warm

  22. Trouble

  23. Making Metal

  24. Bad • Aluminum flakes will not be picked up • Steel will be picked up

  25. Lean while Taxiing

  26. Detonation Vs. Pre Ignition • Pre Ignition is the burning of the fuel air mixture prior to the desired • Detonation is an uncontrolled fuel burn

  27. Hot Stuff

  28. Don’t Lean too Much

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