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Phase 2: The Calvin Cycle

Phase 2: The Calvin Cycle. a.k.a The Dark Reactions. Products of Phase 1 are used in Phase 2. ATP  Energy NADPH  e-(electrons). Stage 2: Calvin Cycle. Purpose: Make sugar by reducing carbon dioxide (adding e-) Location: Stroma of chloroplast. Stage 2: Calvin Cycle.

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Phase 2: The Calvin Cycle

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  1. Phase 2: The Calvin Cycle • a.k.a The Dark Reactions

  2. Products of Phase 1 are used in Phase 2 • ATP  Energy • NADPH  e-(electrons)

  3. Stage 2: Calvin Cycle • Purpose: • Make sugar by reducing carbon dioxide (adding e-) • Location: • Stroma of chloroplast

  4. Stage 2: Calvin Cycle • Requires: ATP* • Electrons (NADPH)* • CO2 • Enzymes

  5. Stage 2: Calvin Cycle • Produces • Glucose

  6. A brief note about Rubisco • Enzyme that attaches CO2 to 5-carbon compound in Calvin cycle • Most abundant protein on the earth! • Rate limiting – a slow enzyme (~ 3 / sec.) • Genetic engineers trying to make a more efficient Rubisco

  7. Calvin cycle

  8. Calvin Cycle • CO2 enters cycle by becoming attached to a 5-Carbon RuBP • produces 6-carbon molecule (unstable) • Breaks into two 3-carbon molecules

  9. Calvin Cycle • Energy is used (ATP  ADP) • Electrons used (NADPH  NADP+) •  3-Carbon compound leaves Calvin cycle

  10. Calvin Cycle • Two 3-Carbon groups combine to become glucose • Remaining 3-Carbon groups continue through cycle to regenerate starting 5-Carbon RuBP • Six CO2 to produce 1 glucose(6 turns of the cycle required)

  11. Important molecules are recycled • ATP  ADP • NADPH  NADP+ • 5-Carbon RuBPrecycles

  12. Photosynthesis Summary Input: Light Water CO2

  13. Photosynthesis Summary • Output: • O2 • Glucose

  14. Photosynthesis Summary Recycle: ATP Electron carriers 5-Carbon RuBP

  15. Show your appreciation for a green plant today!

  16. http://www.caribbeanedu.com/images/kewl/photosynthesis.gif

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