A Taxonomy of Definitions for Usability Studies in Biometrics

1. A Taxonomy of Definitions for Usability Studies in Biometrics Brian Stanton

2. User satisfaction @&#*% Context of use Ease of use Capture Threshold Sample Polling

3. Traditional Fingerprint System View Opportunity (“please place your hand on the scanner”) System starts capture System Capture System ends capture System accepts/rejects sample Capture thresholding Time

4. Digital Fingerprinting Operator Scanner User

5. Holistic System View Opportunity (“please place your hand on the scanner”) User places hand on scanner System starts capture System Capture System ends capture (“Please remove hand from scanner”) System accepts/rejects sample User removes hand from scanner User Capture thresholding Time

6. Holistic System View Instructions Anthropometrics Affordance Accessibility Opportunity (“please place your hand on the scanner”) User places hand on scanner System starts capture System Capture System ends capture (“Please remove hand from scanner”) System accepts/rejects sample User removes hand from scanner User • Demographics • Age • Gender • Height • Experience • Ability Capture thresholding Time

7. Presentation: The display of biometric characteristics to a sensor. • A user may present multiple characteristics simultaneously • Simultaneous presentations are not necessarily constrained to any particular specific biometric modality

8. Presentations may be further qualified as explicit or implicit • explicit presentation is a presentation that the presenter provides with their awareness Operator Scanner User

9. Presentations may be further qualified as explicit or implicit • explicit presentation is a presentation that the presenter provides with their awareness • implicit presentation is a presentation that the presenter provides without their awareness

10. Presentations may be further qualified as cooperative or uncooperative • Cooperative presentation is a presentation that the presenter provides willingly • Uncooperative presentation is a presentation that the presenter provides unwillingly

11. So what happens around a Presentation System ? Presentation User ? ? Time

12. AnAttempt is a response to an opportunity to make a presentation Place right hand on scanner Opportunity Attempt Presentation Time

13. A presentation may span multiple attempts Place your right hand on scanner Place left hand on scanner Opportunity1 Attempt 1 Opportunity2 Presentation Time Attempt 2

14. A user may respond to a presentation opportunity with a lack of presentation Place right hand on scanner Opportunity1 Attempt 1 Time

15. An attempt may be further qualified as acceptableor unacceptable • Acceptable attempt is an attempt that fulfills the minimal capture requirements of a system. Acceptable attempts must yield the minimum required biometric data from a working system in a particular configuration • Unacceptable attempt does not fulfill the minimal capture requirements of a system

16. Unacceptable/Acceptable Attempts Place right hand on scanner Opportunity Acceptable Attempt Unacceptable Presentation

17. A task is a set of user behaviors that defines an attempt. An attempt may also be qualified with respect to its conformance or non-conformance to a task. • Conformant attemptis an attempt that fulfills the requirements set out by a task. • Non-conformant attemptis an attempt that does not fulfill the requirements set out by a task.

18. Conformant/Non-Conformant Attempts Place your right hand Task: on the scanner Opportunity Attempt = Task : Conformant ≠ Task : Non-Conformant

19. Types of Attempts

20. Acceptable Conformant Attempt Task: “Place your right hand on the scanner” • Participant A presents a right hand to the fingerprint sensor, which the system detects and approves. • The user behavior (the presentation of the right hand) yields an attempt that is acceptable (the system detects and approves the data) and conformant(the user fulfilled the right handtask). Acceptable Conformant Attempt

21. Unacceptable/Conformant Attempt Task: “Place your right hand on the scanner” • Participant B also presents a right hand to the fingerprint sensor, but the system rejects it. • The user behavior yields an attempt that is unacceptable (it was rejected) yet conformant (the user presented the right hand as they were instructed) Unacceptable Conformant Attempt

22. Acceptable/Non-conformant Attempt Task: “Place your right hand on the scanner” • Participant C presents a left hand to the fingerprint sensor, which the system approves. • The fingerprint scan is acceptable(it was approved) but non-conformant, since the user behavior (the left hand) did not fulfill the task requirements Acceptable Non-conformant Attempt

23. Unacceptable/Non-conformant Attempt Task: “Place your right hand on the scanner” • Participant D is distracted and makes no presentation to the fingerprint sensor and the system “times out”—i.e., no biometric data was collected within a specified interval. • This attempt is unacceptable(no hand was detected on the scanner) and non-conformant(the response to the presentation opportunity was to do nothing). Unacceptable Non-conformant Attempt

24. Terms • Presentation • Explicit • Implicit • Cooperative • Uncooperative • Task • Attempt • Acceptable • Unacceptable • Conformant • Non-conformant

25. Thank you Taxonomy can be found at: Usability and Biometrics websitehttp://zing.ncsl.nist.gov/biousa/