InGOS – an integrating activity preparing for improved Greenhouse Gases monitoring over Europe

1. InGOS – an integrating activity preparing for improved Greenhouse Gases monitoring over Europe Ingeborg Levin, Samuel Hammer, Dominik Schmithüsen, Ute Karstens, Frank Meinhardt, Martina Schmidt, Peter Bergamaschi, Sanam Vardag and Alex Vermeulen

2. Topics discussed today • Evaluation, correction and error estimates of „historical“ GHGs data in Europe • Harmonisation of current and future non-CO2 GHGs observations, including Quality Assurance and Quality Control • Travelling instrument comparisons (N2O, CH4, 222Radon etc.) • 222Radon soil exhalation map for atmospheric transport model validation

3. Continuous CH4 observations in Europe that started before 2000 Voyekovo: 1998 1994 1993 1996 1996 1991 1996

4. Continuous N2O observations in Europe that started before 2005 Pallas: 2004 1994 2004 1996 2001 2001

5. N2O mole fractions over Europe: average of May 2007 from TM5 N2O mole fractions from TM5-4DVAR (Corazza et al., ACP 2011) average of 5 lowermost model layers (between surface and ~1 km height)

6. N2O mole fractions over Europe: Synoptic variations from TM5 N2O mole fractions from TM5-4DVAR (Corazza et al., ACP 2011) average of 5 lowermost model layers (between surface and ~1 km height)

7. N2O mole fractions over Europe: average of May 2007 from TM5 → WMO/GAW interlaboratory compatibility target for N2O = ±0.1 ppb N2O mole fractions from TM5-4DVAR (Corazza et al., ACP 2011) average of 5 lowermost model layers (between surface and ~1 km height)

8. Topics discussed today • Evaluation, correction and error estimates of „historical“ GHGs data in Europe • Harmonisation of non-CO2 GHGs observations, including Quality Assurance and Control • Travelling instrument comparisons (N2O, CH4, 222Radon etc.) • 222Radon soil exhalation map for atmospheric transport model validation

9. Continuous N2O observations at Schauinsland station before and after correction before 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 after 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

10. Error assessment • Measurement errors: • repeatability ∆repeat • reproducibility ∆reprod • lab-internal scale consistency ∆sc_consist • calibration and non-linearity ∆cal_non_lin • Sampling errors: • artifacts from pumps • problems with air drying • leaks in the sampling line • …

11. Error estimates: CH4 in Heidelberg from working standard from target gas from target gas

12. Error assessment Statistical error Systematic error • Each error will be reported separately • Measurement errors: • repeatability ∆repeat • reproducibility ∆reprod • lab-internal scale consistency ∆sc_consist • calibration and non-linearity ∆cal_non_lin

13. Topics discussed today • Evaluation, correction and error estimates of „historical“ GHGs data in Europe • Harmonisation of non-CO2 GHGs observations, including Quality Assurance and Control • Travelling instrument comparisons (N2O, CH4, 222Radon etc.) • 222Radon soil exhalation map for atmospheric transport model validation

14. Harmonisation of future continuous GHG observations • Introduction of Quality Assurance measures • Measurement guidelines • Central Analytical Lab for working standard production and calibration • Monitoring of instrument parameters • … • Introduction of comprehensive quality control measures • Target/Surveillance tanks • Flask – in situ comparisons • Round-Robin comparison • Comparison with „Travelling Instrumentation“

15. Topics discussed today • Evaluation, correction and error estimates of „historical“ GHGs data in Europe • Harmonisation of non-CO2 GHGs observations, including Quality Assurance and Control • Travelling instrument comparisons (N2O, CH4, 222Radon etc.) • 222Radon soil exhalation map for atmospheric transport model validation

16. FTIR spectrometer as travelling comparison instrument (TCI) at Mace Head for N2O

17. N2O comparison at Mace Head(March – April 2013) Reason for the difference: Mainly errors in scale transfer to Working Gases

18. N2O mole fractions over Europe: average of May 2007 from TM5 N2O mole fractions from TM5-4DVAR (Corazza et al., ACP 2011) average of 5 lowermost model layers (between surface and ~1 km height)

19. Topics discussed today • Evaluation, correction and error estimates of „historical“ GHGs data in Europe • Harmonisation of non-CO2 GHGs observations, including Quality Assurance and Control • Travelling instrument comparisons (N2O, CH4, 222Radon etc.) • 222Radon soil exhalation map for atmospheric transport model validation

20. Development of a 222Radon flux map July January • Basic input parameters: • - 226Radium content of soils • Diffusion model based on soil texture and moisture • Soil moisture based on Climate Land Surface models

21. Development of a 222Radon flux map:validation with flux observations (multi-annual months repeated) using Noah soil moist. using ERA-I/L soil moist. Measurements using Noah soil moist. using ERA-I/L soil moist. Measurements Soil moisture reanalysis: GLDAS Noah LSM ERA-Interim/Land Measurements: Binningen: Szegvary et al. (2006) M5 Nussloch: Jutzi (2001) Gebesee: Schell (2004) Pallas: Lallo et al. (2009)

22. First comparison of atmospheric 222Radon: Model estimates vs. observations Measurements provided by A. Vermeulen, ECN (Cabauw) and M. Schmidt, LSCE (Gif) TM5 transport model simulations provided by E. Koffi and P. Bergamaschi, JRC

23. Summary • A set of corrected atmospheric CH4, N2O and H2 observations will soon be available for European flux inversions • A first attempt is made to also determine and report uncertainty of these observations • The Travelling Comparison Instrument approach was shown to be successful, also for N2O (besides CO2 and CH4) • A new process-based 222Radon soil flux map was developed as input for validation of atmospheric transport models

24. Thank you, and the European Commission’s for supporting these activities