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Unit 2: IP addressing (Contd.). Delivery and routing of packets

Special IP addresses Private networks: 10.0.0, 172.16-172.31, 192.68.0-192.68.255 Subnetting and subnet masks Supernetting and CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing) Delivery and routing of packets Routing table organizations Dynamic v.s. static routing.

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Unit 2: IP addressing (Contd.). Delivery and routing of packets

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  1. Special IP addresses Private networks: 10.0.0, 172.16-172.31, 192.68.0-192.68.255 Subnetting and subnet masks Supernetting and CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing) Delivery and routing of packets Routing table organizations Dynamic v.s. static routing Unit 2: IP addressing (Contd.). Delivery and routing of packets

  2. Network addresses: Network ID + All 0’s hostid is commonly referred to as a network address

  3. Direct broadcast address

  4. Limited broadcast address

  5. “this” host on “this” network address Provide initial configuration information

  6. Specific host on this network

  7. Loopback address

  8. Figure 5-2 subnetting

  9. Subnet mask

  10. Logical AND

  11. Special addresses in subnetting These can never be assigned to a host Restrictions can be relaxed so that these numbers may be assigned to subnets

  12. Example: An organization with a class B address needs at least 12 subnetworks.

  13. Range of addresses in the example

  14. Subnetworks in the example

  15. 00000000 = 0 X.Y.Z.0 01000000 = 64 X.Y.Z.64 10000000 = 128 X.Y.Z. 128 11000000 = 192 X.Y.Z. 192 11100000 =224 X.Y.Z. 224 And the last two subnets must have 11 as the leading 2 bits in the 4th byte. The 3rd bit can varies between 0 and 1. Therefore the last two subnets have addresses of the following format in the 4th byte: 110xxxxx and 111xxxxx 255.255.255.192 = 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 so the first mask uses the first 2 bits of the 4th byte as the subnet ID So the last byte can be 00xxxxxx, 01xxxxxx, 10xxxxxx, 11xxxxxx. 3 of these can be chosen to label the first 3 subnets. Let say we pick the first 3 255.255.255.224 = 11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000 so the second mask uses the first 3 bits of the 4th byte as the subnet ID

  16. Supernetwork

  17. Supernet mask

  18. Two ways of defining a supernet Example of supernetting. Which address belong to supernet X.Y.32.0?

  19. Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)

  20. Direct and Indirect delivery Same network/subnet/ supernet address

  21. Next-hop routing

  22. Network-specific routing

  23. Host-specific routing

  24. Default routing

  25. Fields in routing table Routing module and routing table Routing tables: static v.s. dynamic

  26. An example network.

  27. Mask Destination Next Hop F. R.C. U. I. Routing Table for R1 in the example 255.0.0.0 111.0.0.0 - U 0 0 m0 255.255.255.224 193.14.5.160 - U 0 0 m2  255.255.255.224 193.14.5.192 U 0 0 m1 ---------------- ------------- ----------- ---------- --------- -------- ----------  255.255.255.255  194.17.21.16 192.16.7.0  111.20.18.14  UGH  0  0  m0 255.255.255.0 111.15.17.32 UG 0 0 m0 255.255.255.0 194.17.21.0 111.20.18.14 UG 0 0 m0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 111.30.31.8 UG 0 0 m0

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