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Motorcycle ABS Testing Related to Draft GTR Phase II Results June, 2006

Dynamic Research, Inc. Motorcycle ABS Testing Related to Draft GTR Phase II Results June, 2006. This document is confidential and proprietary, and it is not to be released to anyone without the permission of Dynamic Research, Inc.

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Motorcycle ABS Testing Related to Draft GTR Phase II Results June, 2006

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  1. Dynamic Research, Inc. Motorcycle ABS Testing Related to Draft GTRPhase II ResultsJune, 2006 This document is confidential and proprietary, and it is not to be released to anyone without the permission of Dynamic Research, Inc. 355 Van Ness Ave • Torrance • California 90501 • 310-212-5211 • Fax 310-212-5046 • www.dynres.com

  2. Dynamic Research, Inc. TOPICS • OBJECTIVES • DESCRIPTION OF TESTS • METHODS • TEST RESULTS • OBSERVATIONS • DISCUSSION

  3. Dynamic Research, Inc. OBJECTIVES • Confirm the feasibility and practicality of the proposed test methods in • 4.9.3, ABS stops on high friction surface • 4.9.4, ABS stops on low friction surface • 4.9.7, ABS response to low to high friction transition • Refine and clarify test procedures and parameters so they are reproducible, repeatable • For the various motorcycles and riders, compare surface friction measurement K to ASTM method • Make observations of the response of the various motorcycles relative to the proposed criteria • Stopping distance and MFDD • No capsize • Wheel lock • Stay in lane

  4. Dynamic Research, Inc. DESCRIPTION OF TESTS • Test sequence included: • ABS stops on high friction surface • ABS stops on low friction surface • ABS response to low to high friction transition • Peak Braking Coefficient (PBC) using K method (motorcycle ABS off) on • Low friction surface • High friction surface • PBC using ASTM method • Low friction surface • High friction surface • Wet high friction surface

  5. Dynamic Research, Inc. DESCRIPTION OF TESTS • Pilot tests involved 1 motorcycle (BMW R1200GS), 1 rider • Preliminary test procedures and results were reviewed by Informal Working Group members • Preliminary results confirmed suitability of sensors, data acquisition • Detailed Draft Test Procedure was clarified, revised and circulated prior to Main Tests

  6. Dynamic Research, Inc. DESCRIPTION OF TESTS • Main tests included 5 motorcycles, 4 riders • Riders were: • 2 engineering test riders with previous road racing experience (Riders1 and 4) • 1 engineering test rider (Rider 2) • 1 experienced club racer and professional race instructor (Rider 3)

  7. Dynamic Research, Inc. DESCRIPTION OF TESTS • Motorcycles • Kawasaki ZZR 1400 • Honda VFR800 • Suzuki Bandit 1200 • Yamaha FZ6 • BMW F650 GS • Surfaces • High friction asphalt, dry • High friction asphalt, wet • Low friction coal-tar-sealed asphalt, wet

  8. Dynamic Research, Inc. DESCRIPTION OF TESTS • ABS stops on high and low friction surfaces • Approach the test location at 60 km/h • Apply braking force to front lever and foot pedal • Hand lever force 200 N ± 40N • Foot pedal force 350 N ± 70N • Analog display (needle type) in view of rider shows applied forces with respect to the target values • Hold target brake forces until motorcycle comes to rest • Stay in the test lane • Process and review measured lever/pedal force data after several runs in order to determine compliance with the criteria • Determine if more runs are necessary

  9. Dynamic Research, Inc. DESCRIPTION OF TESTS • ABS stops on high and low friction surfaces (cont’d) • Lever/pedal force criteria • Start time is when brake light is initially illuminated • “Not later than 0.5 seconds after the activation of the brake lamp, the hand and foot actuation forces shall be within the specified tolerance.” • “from [0.5 s] after the brake light is activated, to the moment when the vehicle speed falls below [5 km/h],” the average lever and pedal force shall be within the specified tolerance.

  10. Dynamic Research, Inc. DESCRIPTION OF TESTS • ABS response for low to high friction transition • Approach the test area at appropriate speed for a transition speed of 50 km/h (e.g., approach at 70 km/h) • Apply braking force to front lever and foot pedal at a marked location (e.g., 10 m before the friction transition) • Hand lever force 200 N ± 40N • Foot pedal force 350 N ± 70N • Analog display (needle type) in view of rider shows applied forces with respect to the target values • Hold target brake forces until motorcycle comes to a stop • Stay in the test lane • Process and review measured lever/pedal force data and speed at transition in order to determine compliance with the criteria

  11. Dynamic Research, Inc. DESCRIPTION OF TESTS • Evaluate peak braking coefficient (PBC) using K method and each test motorcycle • Disable ABS • Run tests on high and low friction surfaces • Rider to follow “Baseline Test Instructions” • K value is the average deceleration in g units from 40 to 20 km/h • Rider makes multiple runs; the maximum result across multiple runs is the K value

  12. Dynamic Research, Inc. BASELINE TESTINSTRUCTIONS (clarifications are indicated in red bold) 1. DETERMINATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF ADHESION (K) FOR PURPOSES OF VERIFYING THE TEST SURFACES 1.1. The coefficient of adhesion shall be determined from the maximum braking rate, without wheel lock, of the vehicle with the anti-lock device(s) disconnected and braking both wheels or systemssimultaneously. [1]/ 1.2. Braking tests shallbe carried out by applying the brakes at an initial speed of about 60 km/h (or, in the case of vehicles unable to attain 60 km/h, at a speed of about 0.9 Vmax) to a stopwith the vehicle unladen (except for any necessary test instrumentation and/or safety equipment). As constant a force as is practicablemust be used on each brake controlthroughout the tests. 1.3. A series of tests may be carried out up to the critical point reached at incipientwheel(s) lock by varying both the hand and the footbrake control forces, in order to determine the maximum braking rate of the vehicle. [2]2/

  13. Dynamic Research, Inc. DESCRIPTION OF TESTS • Evaluate Peak Braking Coefficient (PBC) using ASTM E1337 “Chirp Test” procedure • DRI Mobile Tire Tester • SRTT tire (E1136) • Test speed 64 km/h (40 mph) • Ramp brake torque until after peak slip is achieved. Peak torque to be achieved in 0.3 to 0.5 seconds • Measurement is the average of at least 8 measurements

  14. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS • Motorcycle measurements • Vehicle speed (radar sensor) • Brake master cylinder pressures, front and rear • Calibrated to indicate lever and pedal force • In some cases, in addition, used force transducer on brake pedal in place of rear master cylinder pressure • Brake caliper pressures, front and rear (at banjo bolt) • Wheel rotational speed, front and rear • Longitudinal acceleration • Pitch angle, pitch rate • Brake rotor temperature, front and rear • Brake light status • Event marker indicating surface transition occurrence (for applicable runs)

  15. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS Yamaha FZ6 front wheel showing caliper pressure sensor, optical speed sensor, and brake temperature thermocouple wires

  16. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS Suzuki Bandit showing rider display of lever/pedal forces and brake rotor temperatures. Also seen is the radar speed and master cylinder pressure sensors

  17. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS Example master cylinder pressure sensor

  18. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS Kawasaki ZZR 1400 showing rider displays, speed sensor, and inertial measurement unit

  19. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS Kawasaki ZZR1400 showing magnetic pickup speed sensor

  20. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS Kawasaki ZZR1400 doing an ABS stop on low friction surface

  21. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS • Example time history data (low friction ABS stop)

  22. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS • Example time history data (low friction ABS stop)

  23. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS • Example time history data (low friction ABS stop)

  24. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS • Example time history data (low friction ABS stop)

  25. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS • Example time history data (low friction ABS stop)

  26. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS • Example time history data (low friction ABS stop)

  27. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS • Example time history data (low friction ABS stop)

  28. Dynamic Research, Inc. METHODS • Example time history data (low friction ABS stop) Note: Black trace is radar speed data that is uncorrected for pitch angle Red trace is radar speed data that is corrected for pitch angle

  29. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Stops on high friction surface Kawasaki ZZR 1400 • Successful attempt means that initial speed, brake lever and pedal force meet criteria • Draft performance criteria for high friction surface is for MFDD to exceed 6.17 m/s2

  30. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Stops on low friction surface Kawasaki ZZR 1400 • Successful attempt means that initial speed, brake lever and pedal force meet criteria • Draft performance criteria for low friction surface is for MFDD to exceed 2.05 m/s2

  31. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Stops on high friction surface Suzuki Bandit 1200 • Successful attempt means that initial speed, brake lever and pedal force meet criteria • Draft performance criteria for high friction surface is for MFDD to exceed 6.17 m/s2

  32. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Stops on low friction surface Suzuki Bandit 1200 • Successful attempt means that initial speed, brake lever and pedal force meet criteria • Draft performance criteria for low friction surface is for MFDD to exceed 2.05 m/s2

  33. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Stops on high friction surface Honda VFR 800 • Successful attempt means that initial speed, brake lever and pedal force meet criteria • Draft performance criteria for high friction surface is for MFDD to exceed 6.17 m/s2

  34. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Stops on low friction surface Honda VFR 800 • Successful attempt means that initial speed, brake lever and pedal force meet criteria • Draft performance criteria for low friction surface is for MFDD to exceed 2.05 m/s2

  35. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Stops on high friction surface Yamaha FZ6 • Successful attempt means that initial speed, brake lever and pedal force meet criteria • Draft performance criteria for high friction surface is for MFDD to exceed 6.17 m/s2

  36. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Stops on low friction surface Yamaha FZ6 • Successful attempt means that initial speed, brake lever and pedal force meet criteria • Draft performance criteria for low friction surface is for MFDD to exceed 2.05 m/s2

  37. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Stops on high friction surface BMW F650GS • Successful attempt means that initial speed, brake lever and pedal force meet criteria • Draft performance criteria for high friction surface is for MFDD to exceed 6.17 m/s2

  38. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Stops on low friction surface BMW F650GS • Successful attempt means that initial speed, brake lever and pedal force meet criteria • Draft performance criteria for low friction surface is for MFDD to exceed 2.05 m/s2

  39. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Peak Braking Coefficient Measurements DRI Mobile Tire Tester (ASTM E1337)

  40. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Kawasaki ZZR 1400 Peak Braking Coefficient measurements K method and ASTM method

  41. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Suzuki Bandit 1200 Peak Braking Coefficient measurements K method and ASTM method

  42. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Honda VFR 800 Peak Braking Coefficient measurements K method and ASTM method

  43. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Yamaha FZ6 Peak Braking Coefficient measurements K method and ASTM method

  44. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS BMW F650GS Peak Braking Coefficient measurements K method and ASTM method

  45. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Comparison of ABS MFDD measurements (÷9.8 m/s²) and K test measurement for each motorcycle on the high friction surface. Also shown is the corresponding ASTM PBC. • K shown is the average for all riders. Each rider “K” represents that rider’s best run • Error bars show range of measurements for all runs.

  46. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Comparison of ABS MFDD measurements (÷9.8 m/s²) and K test measurement for each motorcycle on the low friction surface. Also shown is the corresponding ASTM PBC • K shown is the average for all riders. Each rider “K” represents that rider’s best run • Error bars show range of measurements for all runs.

  47. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Comparison of ABS “adhesion utilization” measurements based on K and ASTM PBC for each motorcycle on the high friction surface. • Error bars show range of measurements for all runs.

  48. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Comparison of ABS “adhesion utilization” measurements based on K and ASTM PBC for each motorcycle on the low friction surface. • Error bars show range of measurements for all runs.

  49. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Data Reduction • ABS stops on high and low friction surface • MFDD • Corrected stopping distance • Non ABS stops on high and low friction surface • “K” Peak Braking Coefficient • Peak Braking Coefficient measured with DRI Mobile Tire Tester • ASTM E1337 • ABS stops for low to high friction transition • Time delay definition and performance criteria for brake response is not yet specified

  50. Dynamic Research, Inc. TEST RESULTS Example Data Low to High Friction Transition

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