Your Skin, Hair, & Nails

1. Your Skin, Hair, & Nails Objectives: Students will be able to identify the functions of the skin and the layers of skin. Students will be able to describe behaviors that can keep skin healthy. Students will be able to explain the functions of their hair and nails and how to care for them.

2. Personal Care Habits Personal care habits can affect the way others perceive you! In some situations you will be judged by the care of your skin, hair, and nails. Cleanliness and a neat appearance can be a major factor in obtaining a job, making friends, and influencing others. How important is good hygiene and grooming skills? List as many important grooming skills as you can.

3. Your Skin Functions of the Skin It is the largest organ in the body. Covers and protects the body from injury---keeping harmful substances out and important fluids in, such as water. Regulates body temperatures. Sweat glands cool the body and blood circulation gives off heat. Information gathering system---detects heat, cold, pressure, pain.

4. Your Skin Layers The Epidermis & Dermis Epidermis is the outer layer which is made up of dead cells and keratin which makes this outer layer waterproof and tough. Dermis is the tough and elastic layer which lies below the epidermis. Sebaceous glands keep the skin and hair soft by secreting oil into a hair follicle.

5. Regular washing with soap & water. Eating a balanced diet. Drinking plenty of water. Good sleeping habits. Avoid the sun & tanning lamps. Caring for Your Skin

6. Preventing Skin Damage • Wear sunscreen that blocks UVA and UVB rays (two types of radiation) • Wear a 15 or higher SPF (sun protection factor) sun screen lotion. • Never use the tanning lamps. • Wear a hat with a brim. • Limit sun exposure. • Wear long sleeves & pants. • Do not use products to help you tan. • Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted from the sun and tanning lamps causes skin to become leathery, wrinkled, and discolored, and leads to skin cancer. Melanoma: a deadly form of skin cancer

7. Treating Acne Acne forms when excess oil and dead cells plug a hair follicle. Bacteria from the skin’s surface multiplies within the plug and combines with the white blood cells causing the hair follicle to become inflamed and an acne lesion , or pimple, to form. Hormones, heredity, and stress are some factors that influence acne outbreaks. Care: Keep your skin clean. Because your fingers and nails carry bacteria, do not scratch or squeeze acne. Severe acne should be seen by a dermatologist, a doctor who specializes in treating skin problems.

8. Treating Skin Infections • To Prevent Athlete’s Foot: • Wear flip-flops or shower shoes in the locker rooms and shared showers. • Wash you feet daily. • Dry your feet thoroughly, especially between the toes. • Powder your feet. • If your feet perspire, change your socks during the day. Athletes Foot: Fungal infection of the foot which causes itching & burning between the toes. Over the counter medication will heal athletes foot. Several types of microorganisms can infect the skin. Although the majority of these infections are not serious, they can be painful or embarrassing. Boils- painful large bumps caused by bacteria that infects the hair follicles. Cold Sores- clusters of watery blisters around the mouth caused by a virus. Ringworm-fungi infection found in the moist areas of the skin. Requires prescription medication to cure. Warts- hardened growths of the skin caused by a virus. Over the counter medication can treat warts.

9. Your Hair Caring for your Hair: • Keep hair clean, well-groomed & shampoo hair every two days. • Brush your hair to remove excess dirt and it improves the shinein your hair. • Avoid sharing combs, brushes or hats with others • Do not brush wet hair. • Trim your hair often. • Dandruff, a flaky scalp, can be controlled with dandruff shampoo. Every surface of the body is covered with hair, except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Hair protects the scalp from sunlight and provides insulation from the cold. Hairs in the nostrils, ears and on the eyelids protect debris from entering the body.

10. Nails Caring for Nails: • Keep nails clean to help stop the spread of infection. • Clip & file nails so the edges are smooth. • Avoid biting your nails • Do not rip hangnails, cut them with a nail clipper. Nails grow from an area of rapidly dividing cells near the tips of the fingers and toes. The tough, plate like nails cover and protect the tips of your fingers and toes, which come in frequent contact with objects in your environment. Proper nail care prevents the spread of disease.

11. Good Health Review Identify the functions of the skin. Name the two layers of skin and a function of each layer. Name 5 ways of keeping the skin healthy. What causes acne and how do you care for acne. List the function of the hair and nails and three healthy ways to care for each.