Dawn of Mass Culture

1. Dawn of Mass Culture Chapter 8 Section 4

2. Dawn of Mass Culture • American Leisure – The amount of time Americans had will increase as Progressive Reforms allow workers a shorter work week. • They sent their time in a variety of pursuits. • Amusement Parks – Coney Island • Bicycling • Tennis • Roller Skating

3. Bicycling Liberates Women • Changes in Clothing Styles • Bicycling demanded that women change their attire to more cycle-friendly clothing. • Gone were the corsets and long full skirts • Women wore tailored blouses and split skirts • Changes in Chaperoning Practices • Susan B. Anthony “Bicycling has done more to emancipate women than anything else in the world. It gives women a freedom and self-reliance.”

4. Refreshments at the Turn of the Century • Hershey’s Chocolate Bars, 1900 • Coca-Cola, 1886 • John S. Pemberton, Atlanta Pharmacist • Headache cure • Ingredients – Peruvian coca and African cola nuts • http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/presscenter/presskit_120_image_library.html • Pepsi-Cola, 1896 • Calab D. Bradham http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/presscenter/img/image120/lg_hilda_clark.jpg

5. SPECTATOR SPORTS • Boxing • John L. Sullivan – 1st Heavyweight Boxer • James J. “Gentleman Jim” Corbett • Baseball • Started in the 1840’s • Formation of National League, 1876, and American League, 1903 • First World Series, 1903 • Boston Pilgrims defeat the Pittsburg Pirates • Negro National and American Leagues Formed

6. Baseball http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blbaseball.htm http://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/yr1903ws.shtml

7. 1903 World Series • Boston Americans (5) vs. Pittsburgh Pirates (3) • Did you know that during Game 5 of the 1903 World Series, the Boston Americans hit five (5) ground-rule triples due to an oversized crowd? • Players from Boston received $1,182.00 each for the series. Players from Pittsburgh lost the series yet received $1,316.25 each — thanks to the team owner giving his share of the gate receipts to the players. • Bill Dinneen started four (4) of the eight (8) games, completed all four (4) of his starts, won three (3), had two (2) shutouts and later became an American League umpire. • http://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/yr1903ws.shtml • http://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/wsmenu.shtml

8. Going to the Show • Mass Entertainment Expands: • Improved Railroad Transportation • New Media Technology – Motion Pictures • Live Performances • Serious Drama – Shakespearean Tragedy • Melodramas – Improbable plots, doomed heroes and heroines, and happy endings at the last minute • Vaudeville – Song, dance, slapstick comedy, chorus lines. Something to attract everyone. • Circus – Barnum & Bailey • Minstrel Shows – exaggerated imitations of African-Americans

9. Click link below to visit this interactive site • http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA02/easton/vaudeville/vaudeville.html Grand Theatre in Buffalo, NY around 1900

10. RAGTIME: A blend of African-American spirituals and European musical forms • Began in 1880’s in the South • Scott Joplin – “Maple Leaf Rag” • Helped in the development of Jazz • http://www.scottjoplin.org/biography.htm

11. THE SILVER SCREEN • The Great Train Robbery, 1903 • The Birth of a Nation, 1915 • Use pioneering bold new techniques, such as close-ups, fade-outs, and blockbuster scenes • Film glorified the KKK and portrayed African Americans in a negative light. • Protested by the NAACP • Silent movies starring Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish, and Charlie Chaplin • Nickelodeons -Nickel admission price made it affordable for all people

12. http://www.filmsite.org/grea.html

13. Mass Circulation Newspapers • Sensational Headlines • Sensational Stories • Sensationalist News Editors Yellow Journalism • Joseph Pulitzer – New York World • William Randolph Hearst – New York Journal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer

14. New Ways to Sell Goods • Urban Shopping – 1st Shopping Centers in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1890 • Specialized, separate districts with financial services, hotels and entertainment, light manufacturing and trade. • Retail shopping centers in center city

15. The Department Store • Marshall Field in Chicago • “Give The Lady What She Wants.” • Store allows women to take merchandise home on approval and return it if it didn’t satisfy them. • Pioneered bargain basement section • Restaurant for shoppers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Field's

16. The Chain Store • Groups of stores under the same ownership • Bought in bulk to offer the lowest prices • Limited customer service • Woolworth- Five and Dime Store • People buy things on impulse because it is cheap http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9800E7D81E38F93BA25754C0A961958260 Click on link above to see the story – “Woolworth Gives Up on the Five-and-Dime” -

17. Advertising at the Turn-of-the-Century • Improvements in printing pictures • Ads in Magazines • Billboards http://www.adclassix.com/sitemap.htm

18. Mail-Order Catalogs and Rural Free Delivery • Montgomery Ward and Sears Roebuck Catalogs • Rural Free Delivery – system that brought packages directly to every home