An Introduction to Energy

1. An Introduction to Energy

2. Why do we care?

3. 1. Fossil fuels are finite a fuel (as coal, oil, or natural gas) formed in the earth from plant or animal remains

4. 2. Demand constantly increases

5. 3. Security-can we provide our own energy? UPDATE: EIA Sees U.S. Crude-Oil Output Topping Net Imports in October http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20130312-710405.html

6. Mapping U.S. Oil Imports

8. 4. Pollution and Global Warming

9. 5. Connection between energy costs and economic growth

10. Where do we get our energy?

11. SOURCES OF ENERGY

12. Washington State Energy Profile Profile

15. Annual Per Capita Energy Consumption, Selected Countries 8.1 4.1 4.1 2.4 1.1 0.9 0.5 * China excludes Hong Kong 0.3 Per Capita Consumption of Commercial Energy (tons of oil equivalent)

16. Link The US as Energy User

17. How we USE energy

18. HOW WE USE ENERGY Transportation (fossil fuels) 28%

19. Rise of the Private Car Numbers • 531 million private vehicles around the world • Numbers rising: 11 million more each year Size and Weight • More than 50% of vehicles bought in the U.S. are SUVs or other light trucks Distances Traveled - Around the world, we are taking more trips and traveling greater distances

20. Energy That Moves Us Transportation: The world’s fastest growing form of energy use, largely due to the rise of the private car

21. US New CAFE standards CAFE stands for corporate average fuel economy Average mpg of a company's fleet

22. Cars in China Oil consumption increases 7.5% a year (7x US) 90x more cars today than in 1990 More cars than US by 2030

24. India’s Nano (people’s car) $2500 new

25. HOW WE USE ENERGY Household (electricity) 22%

26. Energy Where We Live and Work • Building Trends: • Energy use in buildings is rising rapidly • International Energy Agency predicts that world electricity demand will double between 2000 and 2030, with most rapid growth in people’s homes

27. Household Trends House size • Average new U.S. home grew by 38% from 1975-2000 • Larger homes require more energy to build, heat, cool, and light Household Size • Number of people living in each home is declining • Thus, more homes are required for a given population Appliances • Increasing in numbers, types, and sizes • - Fastest growing energy consumers after cars

28. HOW WE USE ENERGY Commercial 19%

29. HOW WE USE ENERGY: industry 31% • These 6 industries use most • Petroleum refining • Steel manuf. • Aluminum manuf. • Paper manuf. • Chemical manuf. • Cement manuf.

30. Energy in Everything We Buy • Manufacturing: • Largest share of global energy use goes to manufacturing our vehicles, buildings, appliances, and even our food and clothes • Embodied energy: energy invested in a particular thing during its lifetime, from cradle to grave • Much of the energy embodied in an item is that required to produce it

31. Embodied Energy Homes • Can live in a typical U.S. home for 10 years before energy used in it exceeds energy that went into components and construction Food • Worldwide, 21% of fossil fuel use goes to grow, process, package, transport, and cook our food Cars • Energy needed to manufacture cars, to build and maintain infrastructure • Petroleum refining devours about 8% of U.S. energy

32. HOW WE USE ENERGY Agriculture (fossil fuels)

33. How we USE energy What type of energy is used in each sector? How would the type of energy used impact the possible solutions?

34. SOME DEFINITIONS

35. ELECTRICITY • Electricity is a secondary source • We must convert a primary source into electricity (coal, oil, natural gas, solar)

36. How to convert to Electricity an electrical current is generated in a conductor moving in a magnetic field. The effect is greatly magnified if the conductor is replaced with a coil or coils of copper wire. If these coils are mounted on a rotating shaft or armature, continuous rotation will produce a continuous alternating electrical current. This is how nearly all electricity is generated today.

37. Kilowatt Hour A unit of energy commonly used on fuel bills. One kWh would power a device that consumes a kilowatt of power for an hour, or a 100 watt lightbulb for 10 hours, etc.

39. THE GRID Power distribution network Connects power generation plant to the plug in your house

40. Off the Grid Self-sufficient Generate your own power No connection to grid

41. Net-metering Generate some power When not using, power returns to grid Power company pays you for this power

42. Baseload Power Power available at all times Baseload power plants run constantly and generate the minimum constant demand Some alternatives not appropriate for baseload

43. Renewable Energy Unlike fossil fuels, which are exhaustible, renewable energy sources regenerate and can be sustained indefinitely. The five renewable sources used most often are biomass, water (hydropower), geothermal, wind, and solar.

44. SOLUTIONS Decrease use Increase/change source

45. Options and Solutions Conservation (lose less)

46. Options and Solutions Efficiency (use less)

47. Options and Solutions Switch to new sources