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Properties of Matter Study PPT for Lessons 1-11

This PowerPoint presentation covers lessons 1-11 of a study on the properties of matter, including states of matter, changes of state, mass and volume, floating and sinking, thermal expansion, mixtures, solubility, insolubility, and chemical reactions.

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Properties of Matter Study PPT for Lessons 1-11

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  1. Shauna Webb, AMSTI Adapted by Ashlynn Frith Properties of Matter Study PPT for Lessons 1-11

  2. Lesson 1 – Our Ideas About Matter You will perform a circuit of eight inquiries to observe how matter behaves. The inquiries involve the following: different states of matter, changes of state, mass and volume, floating and sinking, thermal expansion, mixtures, solubility and insolubility, and chemical reactions.

  3. Lesson 1 – Question What is matter?

  4. Lesson 1 – Conclusion • Matter - the physical material that has mass and occupies space. • Air is a gas. • Air and gases are forms of matter even though they are invisible. • The shape of an object does not affect its mass. • Some matter is soluble in water. • All liquids are not water or do not contain water. • Temperature change affects the volume of air. • Some liquids do not mix = Immiscible

  5. Lesson 1 – Vocabulary (1-4) 1. matter - the physical material that has mass and occupies space 2. expansion - the increase in the volume of matter that occurs when matter is heated. 3. contraction - decrease in volume of matter when matter is cooled. 4. dissolving - the process that takes place when a solvent is mixed with a solute to make a solution. 5. immiscible - liquids that are unable to dissolve in one another.

  6. Lesson 1 – Vocabulary (2-4) 6. miscible - liquids are able to dissolve in one another. 7. density - the mass of a known volume of a substance; measured in g/cm3 8. chemicalreaction - any change that involves the formation of a new substance; has reactants and products. 9. mass - the amount of matter in an object; measured in g or kg. 10. volume - the amount of space occupied by matter; measured in L, mL, cm3, or m3.

  7. Lesson 1 – Vocabulary (3-4) 11. burning - a rapid chemical reaction between a substance and a gas that produces heat and light. Most burning or combustion takes place in the air and has oxygen as one of its reactants. 12. solid - a phase or state of matter in which a substance has definite shape and volume. 13. liquid - a state or phase of matter in which a substance has a definite volume but no definite shape. Liquids take the shape of the container they occupy.

  8. Lesson 1 – Vocabulary (4-4) 14. mixture - two or more elements or compounds that are mixed together but are not chemically combined. 15. physical property - all the characteristic properties of a substance except those that determine how it behaves in a chemical reaction

  9. Lesson 2 – Determining Density • You will use mass and volume measurements to calculate the densities of water, regular shaped objects, and irregular shaped objects.

  10. ANTICIPATION/REACTION GUIDE (INQUIRY 2.1-2.3)

  11. Lesson 2 – Question How will the densities of 25mL & 50 mL of water compare?

  12. Lesson 2- Hypothesis Take 2 minutes to create your own hypothesis: If…….. then….. because……..

  13. Lesson 2- HYPOTHESIS If you measure the density of 25mL and 50 mL of H2O, then it will be different because there are different amounts of water being measured.

  14. Lesson 2- Procedure Step 1- Take the mass of the empty graduated cylinder. Step 2- Add 25mL of H2O to one graduated cylinder and 50 mL of H2O to the other graduated cylinder. Step 3- Measure mass of each graduated cylinder with the water. Step 4- Subtract the mass of the empty graduated cylinder from the new measurement for the graduated cylinder containing 25mL of H2O and repeat for the 50mL of H2O Step 5- Calculate the density of water (mass/volume) Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

  15. Lesson 2.1- Results

  16. Lesson 2.1-CONCLUSION • Does changing the vol. of water change the density of water? • Does changing the mass of water change the density of water? • What is the density of water in grams/cm3?

  17. Lesson 2.1- Variables • Independent variable: Amount of water • Dependent variable: The density

  18. Inquiry 2.2 QUESTION • Will all of the blocks have the same density?

  19. Lesson 2.2- HYPOTHESIS • If we compare the densities of the blocks, then the aluminum will have a larger density because it is a metal.

  20. Lesson 2.2- PROCEDURE • Step 1- measure the length x width x height • Step 2- mass each item on the balance • Step 3-divide the mass by volume to get density

  21. Comparing the Densities of Different Substances

  22. Lesson 2.2- CONCLUSION • Are the densities of the different substances the same or different? Different • How could this information be used to identify the substance from which an object is made? YOU COULD IDENTIFY THE OBJECTS BY CALCULATING THE DENSITY AND COMPARING IT TO A DENSITY CHART

  23. NEXT STEp • Measure objects with • IRREGULAR shape

  24. Inquiry 2.3 Question How do you measure the density of irregular objects? • Or • Which of the irregular objects will have the greatest density?

  25. Lesson 2.3- HYPOTHESIS • If we measure all of the objects, then the copper cylinder will have the greatest density because it has more mass than the steel bolt and nylon spacer.

  26. Step 1: Measure Mass of Object

  27. Step 2: Add H2O to the Graduated Cylinder

  28. Step 3: Add object to the graduated Cylinder

  29. Step 4: Calculate Density

  30. Lesson 2.3- PrOCEDURE • STEP 1- Measure the mass of the objects using the balance • STEP 2- Fill the graduated cylinder with enough water to cover the objects and record the volume • STEP 3- Insert the object into the graduated cylinder • STEP 4- Subtract the two volumes and record the volume of the object • STEP 5- Calculate density

  31. Inquiry 2.3: Comparing the Densities of Different Substances

  32. Lesson 2.3- Conclusion • 1. Are any of the blocks from inquiry 2.2 or objects from this inquiry made from the same substance? • 2. What evidence do you have for your answer? • 3. How do the densities of these objects compare with water?

  33. Reflecting questions • A. What is the difference between mass and volume? • Mass is the amount of matter in an object • Volume is how much space it takes up

  34. Reflecting questions Cont… • B. What units did you use to measure mass/volume? • g or kg/ ml and cm3.

  35. Reflecting QUESTIONS CONT… • C. How did you calculate the density of an object? • D=m/v

  36. Reflecting QUESTIONS CONT… • D. What units did you use for density? • g/cm3 or g/ml

  37. Reflecting QUESTIONS CONT… • E. Does changing the amount of a substance change its density? • no

  38. CONCLUSION QUESTION CONT… F. If two objects are made of the same substance, will they have the same density? Yes

  39. Lesson 2.3- ERROR ANALYSIS • Not completely submerging the object • Spilling water/splashing some water • Incorrect calculations • Not using the volume of the object

  40. Lesson 2- Conclusion • Density is calculated by dividing the mass by the volume; measured in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). • Mass is the amount of matter in an object; measured in grams. • Volume is the amount of space taken up by an object; measured in ml or cm3. • Different objects made of the same material will have the same density. (characteristic property)

  41. Lesson 2 – Conclusion Cont. • Changing the amount of a substance does not change the density of the substance. • Mass is not affected by shape. • Density is a characteristic property of matter. • Characteristic property - property that is independent of mass, volume, and shape.

  42. Lesson 3 – Density Predictions You will predict whether the blocks you investigated in Inquiry 2.2 will float or sink. After finding the density of three liquids, you will predict the order in which the liquids will layer when you build a density column. You will calculate and predict whether objects will float or sink in the density column.

  43. Anticipation/Reaction Guide - Inquiry 3 Before After

  44. Lesson 3 - Question If we mix the syrup, oil, and water how will they behave?

  45. Lesson 3 - Hypothesis If… then… because…

  46. Lesson 3- Hypothesis • If we add all 3 ingredients together, then the corn syrup will sink because it has the greatest density

  47. Lesson 3- Results of Floating & Sinking Observations

  48. Lesson 3- Procedure Step 1- Take the mass of graduated cylinder A & B Step 2- Add 25ml of corn syrup to graduated cylinder A / 25ml of oil to B Step 3- Take the mass of both again Step 4- Subtract to get the mass of the liquids Step 5- Calculate using mass/volume

  49. Calculating Density – Lesson 3

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