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Explore the causes and effects of westward migration in Chapter 9, focusing on Manifest Destiny, Mexican-American War, key figures, major events, and migration factors. Delve into significant topics like Independence of Mexico, resources, overland trails, and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Analyze U.S. advantages and reasons for winning the Mexican-American War. Learn about the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Gadsden Purchase, and Wilmot Proviso to understand the territorial changes following westward expansion. Engage with historical events and their repercussions on American history and land acquisitions.

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  1. Welcome Back! Please pick up a handout from the front desk.

  2. Chapter 9 NotesWestward Migration & The Mexican American War

  3. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? M I G R A T I O N

  4. Expansionists • a person who favored territorial growth

  5. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Manifest Destiny - belief that God wanted the U.S. to own all of North America

  6. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Independence of Mexico (1821) – had a weak government and economy after breaking with Spain; expansionists wanted New Mexico, Texas, & California

  7. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? God – some moved to found Indian missions (an establishment to carry on religious work); Marcus & Narcissa Whitman - Oregon Country

  8. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Resources – horses, furs, silver, mules, gold

  9. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Adventure

  10. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) – bound the Indians to the territories away from major westward trails; mostly ignored

  11. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Isolation – Brigham Young led the Mormons west to Utah in 1847 to escape the hostilities the group had faced in Illinois

  12. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? Overland Trails – established by merchants and Mountain Men, these were used by pioneers to travel West; example: Oregon Trail – began in Missouri, crossed Rockies and ended at Pacific

  13. EQ: What were the causes of westward migration? New Farms – many chose to travel West to gain bigger and better farms in Oregon or California than they had owned

  14. Propaganda • One 8½ X 11 White non-lined sheet of paper (you must use the full sheet) • Hand drawn (stick figures and “Photoshopped” pictures are not acceptable) • Colored (by color pencils only – no markers, pens, crayons, water colors, etc) • The BACK of the cartoon should have: • Title of Cartoon • Name • Date • Class period • It does not have to be one “big” drawing. It can be a comic strip format with multiple panels if you would like

  15. Tuesday September 29, 2015 • Please pick up the timeline off the front desk. • Pick up a textbook and turn to page 304. Answer questions #4-6

  16. Texas & the Mexican-American War

  17. http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-mexican-american-war-treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo-the-wilmot-proviso.html#lessonhttp://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-mexican-american-war-treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo-the-wilmot-proviso.html#lesson

  18. Friday October 3, 2014 • Using “Texas Wins Independence” pgs. 304 answer questions #4-6.

  19. Events Leading to the Mexican-American War Timeline Read “Texas Wins Independence” pgs. 305 - 307 Complete the following parts of your timeline: • 1821 – Stephen Austin begins leading settlers into Texas (Describe the tensions) • 1834 – Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna seizes power in Mexico (What were his actions? How did Americans respond?) • 1836 (Mar.) – The Alamo (What happened? How did Americans react?) • 1836 (Apr.) – Sam Houston & Battle of San Jacinto (What happened? Who won? What was Santa Anna forced to do?)

  20. Lone Star Republic • Texas declared independence from Mexico • 1836-1846 • 1st President: Sam Houston

  21. Events Leading to the Mexican-American War Timeline Read “Americans Debate Expansion” pgs307 - 308 Complete the following parts of your timeline: • 1836(-1845) – Debate rages in Congress • 1844 – Presidential Election Read “The Mexican-American War” (stop at “U.S. Forces Sweep to Victory”) page 308 Complete the following parts of your timeline: • 1845 (Dec.) – Congress votes to annex Texas • 1846 (May) – President Polk provokes the war?

  22. The Mexican-American War(The Highlights) • United States won every major battle • Navy, led by explorer John C. Fremont seized control of California • Winfield Scott captured Mexico City • American victory after only 1½ years

  23. Monday October 6, 2014 • Using the orange book on your desk, turn to page 72-73. • Read and answer the questions at the bottom of page 72. • On page 73- complete at least 3 boxes on your paper on the “steps” that led to the Mexican-American War.

  24. Why the U.S. won the Mexican-American War • U.S. Advantages: • larger nation • wealthier • more populous • industry – arms & ammunition • larger & better navy and army • Skilled officers • Zachary Taylor, Winfield Scott, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, and William T. Sherman

  25. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Feb. 1848 • Terms: • Americans – leave Mexico City & pay $15 million • Mexico – gave up New Mexico & California • Rio Grade was set at the southern boundary of Texas

  26. Gadsden Purchase • 1853 • U.S. bought land from Mexico in southern Arizona & New Mexico

  27. Wilmot Proviso • proposed in 1846 by David Wilmot • law that would ban slavery in any lands won from Mexico • broke party unity & split Congress based on sectional lines • supported by northern Democrats & Whigs • opposed by southern Democrats & Whigs • Proviso repeatedly failed in Congress

  28. California Gold Rush • 1848 gold found east of Sacramento, CA • 80,000 people (known as forty-niners) moved to CA by land trails or by ship • California applied for statehood in 1849 as a free state - threatened to break the free (15) / slave (15) state balance

  29. The Impending Crisis Events Leading Toward Civil War

  30. North & South Read “Slavery Divides the Nation” (page 324-325) As you read, create a chart in your notes describing the differences between the North and South (include economic differences & views on slavery). What critical question did Americans face as the nation expanded?

  31. Aftermath of Mexican War • Opinions of war’s aftermath – Wilmot Proviso(Aug 1846) – Northern view- annex Texas as slave state but no extension of slavery into any territory that may be gained from Mexico • Southern View(Calhoun): slaves property; property rights protected by 5thAmendment; Southerners could move anywhere & take slaves

  32. Other Positions on Slavery’s Future • James K. Polk: extend Missouri Compromise line • “popular sovereignty”– let people in territory decide status of slavery (compromise)

  33. Election of 1848 Zachary Taylor (Whig) – popular sovereignty (but a southern & a slave owner) Lewis Cass (Democrat) – popular sovereignty Martin Van Buren (Free Soil) - N. Democrats, anti-slavery Whigs) endorsed Wilmot Proviso – opposed extension of slavery “free soil, free speech, free labor, & free men”

  34. Impact of Free Soil Party • Won 10 % of the vote & split Democrat & Whig vote in some areas • So…..Taylor won election (war hero) • Significance:slavery became a political issue in a national election

  35. Check Point • 1. Why did Southerners oppose the Wilmot Proviso? • 2. What was the platform of the Free Soil Party regarding the extension of slavery? • 3. How did the presence of the Free Soil Party impact the Presidential election results in 1848?

  36. Gold Rush (1848) • Greatest mass migration in Amer. History • California applied for Statehood in 1849 – wanted admission as a free state • Taylor’s opinion: protect slavery where exists, but make CA & NM free states

  37. Compromise of 1850 • CA petition touched off great debate in Senate • Key players: Clay, Calhoun, Webster John C. Calhoun Henry Clay Daniel Webster

  38. Compromise of 1850 1. California admitted as free state 2. Popular Sovereignty in NM and Utah 3. Texas given $ 10 million for loss of property to NM 4. Slave trade in D.C. ended (slavery remains) 5. Congress would pass a tougher fugitive slave law

  39. Think About It: N & S Reactions • Look at the list of 5 items that made up the Compromise of 1850 • Write N next to items that would have pleased the North • Write Snext to items that would have pleased the South

  40. Check Point • 1. What developments led to the necessity of compromise in 1850? • 2. Who proposed the Compromise of 1850? • 3. Which parts of the Compromise pleased the South? Which parts pleased the North?

  41. Uncle Tom’s Cabin1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe Story: Uncle Tom (main character) is sold to cruel owner Simon Legree • 300,000 copies sold in first year • Significance: first time many thought of slaves as people

  42. Reactions to Uncle Tom’s Cabin - In North: • spread compassion for enslaved people • convinced Northerners slavery would ruin nation; won many over to anti-slavery cause - In South • enragedSoutherners • wrote numerous novels in reply w/ their own versions of slavery; felt threatened & became defensive

  43. Check Point • 1. Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin? • 2. Who is the evil slave owner in the book? • 3. How did Southerners react to the book?

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