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Disks around y oung Brown Dwarfs as critical testbeds for

Disks around y oung Brown Dwarfs as critical testbeds for m odels of dust evolution: an investigation with ALMA . ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO) / Kornmesser , Calcada (ESO). Luca Ricci (CARMA Fellow, Caltech).

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Disks around y oung Brown Dwarfs as critical testbeds for

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  1. Disks around young Brown Dwarfs as critical testbeds for models of dust evolution: an investigation with ALMA ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/Kornmesser, Calcada(ESO) Luca Ricci(CARMA Fellow, Caltech) Testi (ESO/Arcetri), Natta (Arcetri), Scholz (DIAS), de Gregorio-Monsalvo (ESO) Isella, Carpenter (Caltech), Pinilla (ITA), Birnstiel(CfA)

  2. From dust to planets Dullemond NASA/ESA, L. Ricci

  3. From dust to planets Dullemond NASA/ESA, L. Ricci

  4. From dust to planetesimals dPgas/ dr < 0 : dPgas/ dr> 0 : Reverse motion of solids, trapped at P-maxima mm-grains with low sticking efficiency Vgas < Vsolids mm-grains drift fast toward the central star fragmentation 1mm 1mm

  5. Grain sizing from mm-SED slope Fν ~ ν2κν ; Fν ~ να,κν ~ νβ RJtail α ~ 2 + β Dullemond, Birnstiel

  6. Grain sizing from mm-SED slope Fν ~ ν2κν ; Fν ~ να,κν ~ νβ RJtail α ~ 2 + β β~0.5 Dullemond, Birnstiel β~1.7 β < 1 (α < 3) only if ~ mm pebbles in the outer disk (R > 10 AU) Draine 06

  7. Grain growth: observational results (Beckwith & Sargent 91, Testi+ 03, Wilner+ 05, Andrews & Williams 05, Rodmann+ 06, Lommen+ 07, Ricci+ 10a,10b,11,12, Guilloteau+ 11, Ubach+12, …) ~ 100 Class II disks around young stars Ricci+ 2011 Ricci+ 2010 - mm-grains in the outer regions of nearly all disks: grain growth is fast even in the outer disk, i.e. < 1 Myr

  8. Models of dust evolution in disks - Time evolution of gas surface density & temperature Brauer+ 08, Birnstiel+ 10 Rotation - Solids with different sizes acquire relative velocities, i.e. they collide >vfrag fragmentation Collision outcome: Δvcoll coagulation <vfrag

  9. Models of dust evolution in disks Birnstiel+ 2010 Solid size Distance from the star κλ(r) Dust composition (e.g. Pollack+ 94) Disk Fluxes Disk structure ( Σd(r), T(r) ) (dist, incl)

  10. Data vs models: the role of drift “SMOOTH” DISK, SELF-SIMILAR Σgas(R) Pinilla,Ricci+ 2012, Birnstiel,Ricci+ 2010

  11. Data vs models: the role of drift “SMOOTH” DISK, SELF-SIMILAR Σgas(R) :) :) PRESSURE MAXIMA (A≈0.3Σ0, l≈Hp) Pinilla,Ricci+ 2012, Birnstiel,Ricci+ 2010

  12. Disks with P-maxima 3D MHD simulations of MRI-turbulent disks (Uribe+ 2011) 10 10 100 100 (are the required physical conditions met in real disks? stability?) If there, full ALMA should see them… Pinilla,Ricci+ 2012

  13. Disks with P-maxima: model predictions BD disks? T Tauri disks

  14. Disks with P-maxima: model predictions less coag. to mm faster radial drift (Pinilla, Ricci + 13) BD disks? T Tauri disks

  15. Disks with P-maxima: model predictions ALMA T Tauri disks 4 disks with 1 < F1mm < 10 mJy around BDs and VLMs

  16. Rho Oph 102 Rho Oph 102 MBD ≈ 60 MJup, Age ~ 1 Myr ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2

  17. The disk around the young BD rho Oph 102 Dust ALMA 3.2mm ALMA 0.89mm ALMA 3.2mm rms = 0.3 mJy α Ricci + 12

  18. The disk around the young BD rho Oph 102 Dust ALMA 3.2mm ALMA 0.89mm rms = 0.04 mJy/b rms = 0.3 mJy/b ~ 15 min ALMA time ~ 30 min ALMA time Ricci + 12

  19. The disk around the young BD rho Oph 102 Dust ALMA 3.2mm ALMA 0.89mm rms = 0.04 mJy/b rms = 0.3 mJy/b ~ 15 min ALMA time ~ 30 min ALMA time vs ~ 500 hrs SMA time! vs ~ 120 hrs CARMA time! Ricci + 12

  20. The disk around the young BD rho Oph 102 CO (J = 3 - 2) Cold Molecular gas from the disk gas-rich disk as in T Tauri disks Ricci + 12

  21. The disk around the young BD rho Oph 102 CO (J = 3 - 2) Molecular outflow (Phan-Bao+ 2008) Cold Molecular gas from the disk gas-rich disk as in T Tauri disks Ricci + 12

  22. 2M0444+2512 2M0444 MBD ≈ 50 MJup, Age ~ 1 Myr FCRAO, G. Narayanan / M. Heyer

  23. The disk around the young BD 2M0444 Dust ALMA 0.89mm ALMA 3.2mm α α Ricci + 13b, in prep

  24. The disk around the young BD 2M0444 CO (J = 3 - 2) 7 km/s 9 km/s 5 km/s 6 km/s 8 km/s 4 km/s Moment 1 Gas in rotation around the BD Ricci + 13b, in prep

  25. The disk around the young BD 2M0444 CARMA 1.3mm Visibility vs Baseline R > 15 AU 0.15” ( 10 AU in R ) Dust optically thin: α ~ 2 + β Ricci + 13a

  26. Disks with P-maxima: model predictions ALMA T Tauri disks

  27. Disks with P-maxima: model predictions rho Oph 102 CIDA-1 T Tauri disks CFHT-4 Grain growth even in the outer regions of BD disks

  28. Grain growth in BD disks: possible solution - Disk outer radii ~ 15 – 30 AU - Low turbulent velocities α < 10-3 - Strong pressure bumps Pinilla, Ricci +13

  29. Grain growth in BD disks: possible solution θ ~ 0.2 – 0.4’’ - Disk outer radii ~ 15 – 30 AU Modeling of molecular lines - Low turbulent velocities α < 10-3 (see Dartois+03 Hughes+ 11, Guilloteau+ 12) - Strong pressure bumps B > 10 km Pinilla, Ricci +13

  30. Take away messages - Grain growth to mm-sizes is fast (< 1 Myr) in both T Tauri and BD disks - Dust trapping to explain mm-data of disks, ALMA should see the traps - BD disks to test dust evolution models - We started to probe dust properties and CO in BD disks: more to come in ALMA-Cycle 1

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