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Female Anatomy. Vulva. Vulva. Vulva. Vulva. Vulva. Vulva. External genitals Mon veneris Labia majora and minora Clitoris. Clitoris . Clitoris. Homologus to penis
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Vulva • External genitals • Mon veneris • Labia majora and minora • Clitoris
Clitoris • Homologus to penis • Same # of nerve endings as the head of penis • Only purpose is sexual arousal • Most common method of self stimulation & orgasm
Underlying structures • Vestibular bulbs • Bartholin’s glans
Kegel Exercises • Urinary control after childbirth • Increases genital sensitivity • Increases sensation during intercourse • Technique of doing exercises
Internal structures (summary) • Vagina • Vasocongestion = lubrication • Grafenberg (G) spot • Cervix • Uterus • Ovaries
Vagina • Vaginal opening has highest concentration of vaginal musculature • Inner 2/3 = fewest nerve endings • Changes during intercourse • Orgasmic platform
Chronic vaginitis • Due to • Antibiotic medication • Frequently wearing pantyhose • Birth control pills
Grafenberg (G) spot • Location • http://mama.indstate.edu/users/nizrael/grafenberg.html • Female counterpart to male prostate gland • Female ejaculation
Cervix • Cervical cancer - increases risk due to • Genital warts • Having several male sexual partners • First intercourse at an early age • Cigarette smoke
Uterus • Endometrioses • Cells from uterine lining implant in abdominal cavity
Ovaries • 40,000 to 400,000 innature ova at birth • 300 - 450 mature in a woman’s lifetime • Ovaries are endocrine glands • Produce sex hormones • Estrogen and progesterone
After release from ovary, eggs viable for 24-48 hours for fertilization
Breasts • Size • Fatty tissue determines size • Unrelated to milk or sensitivity • Preoccupation with size • Surgical alternatives • Enlargement • http://www.plasticsurgerypa.com/pgallery/benlargement.html • Reduction • http://www.plasticsurgerypa.com/pgallery/breduction.html • Lift • http://www.plasticsurgerypa.com/pgallery/blift.html
Breast exams • Self-exam = good • Mammogram = better • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) = Best
Menstruation • Menarche • Onset = 11 - 15 years • Menstrual synchrony • Women living together develop similar cycles
Menopause • Permanent cessation of menstruation • Hormone replacement therapy • Benefits • Protects against • Osteoporoses • Cardiovascular disease • Loss of vaginal lubrication • KY • Risks • May increase estrogen dependent breast cancer • Endometrial cancer
Female Genital Mutilation • Locations • Africa, Middle East, Asia • Types • Circumcision • Remove clitoral hood • Clitorectomy • Remove clitoris • Genital infibulation • Remove clitoris and labia • Sew up vulva
Female Genital Mutilation (cont) • Purposes • Girls considered”unmarriageable” if not • Insure virginity • Clitoris seen as dangerous to men • Results • Hemorrhage • Infection • Painful intercourse • Complicated childbirth • Death from infection
Efforts to stop FGM • WHO (World Health Organization) • UNICEF (United Nations) • US (Illegal in America)