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Interactive Guided Reading on a CD for Distance Learners. Ruth Beyth-Marom, Shahar Ayal and Alit Epstein The Open University of Israel. The course . Judgment and evaluation under conditions of uncertainty An advanced seminar in Psychology, Management and Economics .
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Interactive Guided Readingon a CD for Distance Learners Ruth Beyth-Marom, Shahar Ayal and Alit Epstein The Open University of Israel
The course • Judgment and evaluation under conditions of uncertainty • An advanced seminar in Psychology, Management and Economics
It includes • An introduction • A reader (25 articles) • A study guide for the reader: • detailed guided reading of two articles • questions, answers and minor guidance for all other articles
The CD Replaces the detailed guided reading of one article: Tversky, A. and Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124-1131
Why is the article difficult? • An empirical, theoretical and review article • Presents the principles of intuitive thinking vis-a vis normative models • Requires understanding of statistical principles and research methods • Personal experience is necessary
Why is the article difficult? • The article is in English (a foreign language for students) • It is a condensed article which presents many new concepts which will be further discussed in the next steps of the course
Past solutions • In the reader the article was divided into sections and paragraphs • In the study guide the guided reading included: • Introduction to each part • Complex issues were clarified • New terms were explained
Past solutions • In the study guide the guided reading included: • Statistical issues were cleared or linked to other sources • Questions and answers were added for practice and self-testing • Before reading the article, students were asked to answer a questionnaire, administer it to 20 other students, and summarize the results.
What Happened? • Most students didn't respond to the questionnaire and didn't administer it. • Students didn't like to work simultaneously with two reading sources: the reader and the study guide. • Few students read the article actively as the material provided for them.
Ruth Beyth-Marom Shahar Ayal Heuristics and biases: Guided reading, examples and explanationsbased on: Questionnairs Guided reading To start click on Questionnaires Article
Guided reading The normative answer The intuitive answer Distributionof results Questionnaire 2 Questionnaire 1 Generalintroduction Introduction to the article Representativeness Insensitivity to prior probability of outcomes Insensitivity tosample size Misconceptions of chance Insensitivity to predictability The illusion of validity Misconceptions of regression Availability Biases due to the retrievabilityof instances Biases due to the effectiveness of a search set Biases of imaginability Illusory correlation Adjustment and anchoring Insufficient adjustment Biases in the evaluationof conjunctive and disjunctive events Anchoring in theassessment of subjective probability distributions Discussion Summary About the CD Article
50% of the babies born are boys. The exact percentage of boys may differ from one day to another. Some days there are more than 50% boys, some days there are fewer than 50% and some days there are exactly 50%. During the last year, in each hospital, on each day, the percentage of boys was calculated.
Try and estimate in which hospital (during the year) there were more days when the percentage of boys was over 60%. The small one No difference The large one
The CD enabeles • personal experience as a research assistant and a participant in a study • listening to the article while reading it • didactic solutions • linked explanations • questions and answers • linked explanations of concepts and terms • the article and its concepts are mapped