Ancient Rome: How does a small town come to dominate the Mediterranean World?

1. Ancient Rome: How does a small town come to dominate the Mediterranean World?

2. Unit IV: The Grandeur That Was Rome • Students should be able to • Explain the geographic factors which influenced developments in the Italian peninsula. • Students should be able to • Identify the factors which explain Rome's success in extending its control over the Italian peninsula and subsequently the Mediterranean world.

3. ROME – QUIZ #1 • Identify the factors which explain Rome's success in extending its control over the Italian peninsula and subsequently the Mediterranean world.

4. 3 times larger than Greece Central Location in the Mediterranean Large coastline; few harbours Traded up and down the coastline and across the Mediterranean Sea. Fertile land: especially along the Tiber and Po River valleys Able to produce more food than Greece Geography of Ancient Rome

8. 12 minute Task • Mapping Skills: Complete the Geography of Italy – label your map • Use Prologue to the Present p. 195-202 and atlases

9. Rome : The Broad Outline Rome was built along the Tiber River Myth of origin: Romulus & Remus (753 BC) Originally ruled by tribal chiefs Rome was influenced by Greek society and culture. It was city-state until 509 BC then became a Republic Etruscan kings ruled what is now modern day Italian peninsula. Legend: Romans drove out last Etruscan King and declared a Republic. Evolved from a Republic controlling Italy to a vast Empire surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. Empire: a collection of city-states or countries in which an Emperor rules over a large, sprawling land mass.

11. I. Geographic Factors • Mountains to the north and east initially protect the city from invasion, as does the Mediterranean sea. • Hills around Rome include rivers= fresh water • Strategically located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea • As the city grows, colonies are founded – where? • Large supply of volcanic ash and limestone to make a type of concrete for building • More forest area than Greece = good for building

13. II. Economic Factors • As the city grows, cannot produce enough food to supply itself – must secure trade routes at sea! • Punic Wars with Carthage – Carthage controlled Sicily and had a large navy which threatened trade in the Mediterranean (as well as the potential to invade Italy

15. III. Political/Social Factors • Influences from Greeks and Etruscans • Established a Republic following defeat of the Etruscans – unwilling to allow themselves to be ruled by another group – will of the populace. • Rome made peace with conquered peoples and allowed them to keep local customs and most land. Conquered peoples given citizenship – became Romans.

16. IV. Military Factors • With the defeat of Carthage came compulsory military service for some • Professionalization of Army after Punic Wars – paid soldiers. • Army becomes huge – soldiering becomes a profession – army is an instrument of the state • Allowed Romans to control the Italian Pennisula and eventually the Mediterranean world • Punic Wars victory solidified Roman control over the Western Mediterranean

17. Roman Republic • Became a republic in 509 BC • supreme power rests in the body of citizens • Started expanding during wars with Carthage (N. Africa) • Punic Wars.. spanned from 264 BC until 164 BC

18. Accomplishments of the Republic 270 BC biggest army in Mediterranean 264BC Rome controls Italy 264 BC Rome vs. Carthage 146 BC Rome destroys Carthage and conquers the Greeks. 27BC Rome becomes an empire.

19. Roman Empire Who leads? Emperor Length of rule? For life How do they take power? Inheritance or by force Roman Republic Who leads? Elected officials Length of rule? One year How do they take power? Appointed by senate