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Ancient Greece

Explore ancient Greece's political systems, from monarchies to tyrannies and democracies. Discover the influence of geography on Greek development, the significance of city-states like Athens and Sparta, and the role of different governments in shaping society and culture.

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece

  2. Discuss with your table groups what you observe in this geographical map of Greece How might geography have affected ancient Greek development?

  3. The Greek Polis • Polis (Poleis) • Acropolis • Example of a city-state The Agora was an open area for assemblies (voting) and shopping

  4. The City-State • Men and women were considered citizens • Citizens served the state; extremely patriotic • State > Individual

  5. Sparta • Highly militaristic • Isolationist • Used conquered people as slaves called helots • Oligarchic government

  6. Athens • Limited Democracy • Only men allowed to vote • Fostered creativity and science • Theater most popular art form • Created empire after war against Persia • Lost to Sparta shortly after

  7. Greek Governments

  8. One ruler (sometimes with a council of advisors) Most early civilizations ruled by monarchy Political power maintained for life Passes to eldest son Used in early Greek civilizations, but became obsolete Positives: Strong military rule keeps the peace Good king= prosperous kingdom Negatives: Too much power! Bad king = kingdom in peril Internal conflict with family Monarchy Examples:

  9. Small group of aristocratic rulers Citizens have limited voting Also utilized military for control and finances Several city-states had oligarchies, but only Sparta lasted Positives: Rulers well-educated Multiple perspectives for ruling Negatives: Rulers lived in luxury, not always to people’s best interests Citizens had little to no say in the laws of the city-state Oligarchy Examples: Sparta South Africa

  10. Taking power through illegal means Often middle class rising against the aristocracy Revolutions often become tyrannies without a check to the new ruler’s power Positives: Large support from the middle class (cancelled debts, reformed laws, gave citizens more rights) Can rule massive kingdoms (use fear) Negatives: Usually despotic Use fear to keep order and control Rulers never last long Tyranny

  11. Power in the hands of the people Legislative body known as an Assembly or Ecclesia Open to all citizens (but only 5,000 usually attended) Women and slaves not included Majority rules Did not matter whether rich or poor; citizens could vote Pros: Multiple perspectives and opinions All citizens equal; laws passed based on the majority No chance of despotism Cons: Ignores the minority Not all voters educated Can be difficult to implement laws Democracy!

  12. Writing and Art • Used an alphabet (symbols denote sounds instead of concepts) • Pottery and sculptures • Obsessed with perfection in statues

  13. Religion • Polytheistic • Gods represented nature and ideas (life & death) • Cults extremely common

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