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Digital Libraries: 1991-2006 and beyond, with

Explore the evolution of digital libraries from 1991 to 2006, focusing on electronic theses and dissertations at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Acknowledge the contributions of students, faculty, collaborators, and mentors in this field.

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Digital Libraries: 1991-2006 and beyond, with

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  1. Digital Libraries:1991-2006 and beyond,with Electronic Theses and Dissertations University of Sao Paulo, Brazil 23 August 2006 Edward A. Fox, fox@vt.edu, http://fox.cs.vt.edu Professor, Department of Computer Science Director, Digital Library Research Laboratory Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 26061 USA

  2. Acknowledgements • Students • Faculty, Staff • Collaborators • Support • Mentors USP, Brazil, August 2006

  3. Acknowledgements: Students • Pavel Calado, Yuxin Chen, Fernando Das Neves, Shahrooz Feizabadi, Robert France, Marcos Gonçalves, Doug Gorton, Nithiwat Kampanya, Rohit Kelapure, S.H. Kim, Neil Kipp, Aaron Krowne, Bing Liu, Ming Luo, Paul Mather, Uma Murthy, Fernando Das Neves, Unni. Ravindranathan, Ryan Richardson, Rao Shen, Ohm Sornil, Hussein Suleman, Ricardo Torres, Srinivas Vemuri, Wensi Xi, Seungwon Yang, Xiaoyan Yu, Baoping Zhang, Qinwei Zhu, … USP, Brazil, August 2006

  4. Acknowledgements: Faculty, Staff • Lillian Cassel, Debra Dudley, Roger Ehrich, Joanne Eustis, Weiguo Fan, James Flanagan, C. Lee Giles, Eberhard Hilf, John Impagliazzo, Filip Jagodzinski, Douglas Knight, Deborah Knox, Alberto Laender, Gail McMillan, Claudia Medeiros, Manuel Perez-Quinones, Naren Ramakrishnan, Layne Watson, … USP, Brazil, August 2006

  5. Other Collaborators (Selected) • Brazil: FUA, UFMG, UNICAMP, USP • Case Western Reserve University • Emory, Notre Dame, Oregon State • Germany: Univ. Oldenburg • Mexico: UDLA (Puebla), Monterrey • College of NJ, Hofstra, Penn State, Villanova • University of Arizona • University of Florida, Univ. of Illinois • University of Virginia • VTLS (slides, services for NDLTD) USP, Brazil, August 2006

  6. Acknowledgements: Support • Course: UNESCO, CETREDE, IFLA-LAC, AUGM, CLEI, UFC • Sponsors: ACM, Adobe, AOL, CAPES, CNI, CONACyT, DFG, IBM, Microsoft, NASA, NDLTD, NLM, NSF (IIS-9986089, 0086227, 0080748, 0325579; ITR-0325579; DUE-0121679, 0136690, 0121741, 0333601), OCLC, SOLINET, SUN, SURA, UNESCO, US Dept. Ed. (FIPSE), VTLS USP, Brazil, August 2006

  7. Acknowledgements - Mentors • JCR Licklider – undergrad advisor (1969-71) • Author in 1965 of “Libraries of the Future” • Before, at ARPA, funded start of Internet • Michael Kessler – BS thesis advisor • Project TIP (technical information project) • Defined bibliographic coupling • Gerard Salton – graduate advisor (1978-83) • “Father of Information Retrieval” USP, Brazil, August 2006

  8. Overview • Digital Libraries: Sources, Chatham, Rome, … • Curriculum Development Project: 5S • NDLTD (Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations) • Conclusions • Challenges USP, Brazil, August 2006

  9. Libraries of the FutureJCR Licklider, 1965, MIT Press World Nation State City Community USP, Brazil, August 2006

  10. Locating Digital Libraries in Computing and Communications Technology Space Digital Libraries technology trajectory: intellectual access to globally distributed information Communications (bandwidth, connectivity) Computing (flops) Digital content Note: we should consider 4 dimensions: computing, communications, content, and community (people) less more

  11. Information Life Cycle Creation Active Authoring Modifying Social Context Using Creating Organizing Indexing Retention / Mining Accessing Filtering Storing Retrieving Semi- Active Utilization Distributing Networking Inactive Searching

  12. Sources For More Information • Magazine: www.dlib.org • Books: http://fox.cs.vt.edu/DLSB.html (1994, covering since 1991) • MIT Press: Arms, plus by Borgman, Licklider (1965) • Morgan Kaufmann: Witten... (several), Lesk (2nd edition) • Conferences • ECDL: www.ecdl2005.org • ICADL: www.icadl.org • JCDL: www.jcdl2006.org • Associations • ASIS&T DL SIG • IEEE TCDL: www.ieee-tcdl.org (student awards, doctoral consortia) • NSF: www.dli2.nsf.gov • Labs: VT: www.dlib.vt.edu USP, Brazil, August 2006

  13. DL Terminology • Digital / electronic / virtual library • Born digital, hybrid (digital/physical) • Universal access (all people/places/times) • Accommodate disabilities (color, visual, auditory) • Mobile (office, home, laptop, PDA, mobile) • Archiving, self-archiving • Open (source, standards, archives) USP, Brazil, August 2006

  14. Digital LibrariesShorten the Chain from Author Editor Reviewer Publisher A&I Consolidator Library Reader

  15. DLs Shorten the Chain to Roles Digital Library Author Teacher User Reader Editor Learner Reviewer Librarian

  16. Reagan Moore Ed Fox June 2002 for NSF

  17. Motivation for Theory, Curriculum • Digital Libraries (DLs): what are they?? • No definitional consensus • Conflicting views • Makes interoperability a hard problem • DLs are not benefiting from formal theories as are other CS fields: DB, IR, PL, etc. • DL construction: difficult, ad-hoc, lack of support for tailoring/customization • Conceptual modeling, requirements analysis, and methodological approaches are rarely supported in DL development. • Lack of specific DL models, formalisms, languages USP, Brazil, August 2006

  18. DL Definitions - 1 • “A digital library is an organized and focused collection of digital objects, including text, images, video, and audio, along with methods of access and retrieval, and for selection, creation, organization, maintenance, and sharing of the collection.” • Witten & Bainbridge – “How to Build a Digital Library” – Morgan Kaufmann 2003 USP, Brazil, August 2006

  19. DL Definitions - 2 • “Digital libraries are organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily and economically available for use by a defined community or set of communities” • Waters,D.J. CLIR Issues, July/August 1998 • www.clir.org/pubs/issues/issues04.html USP, Brazil, August 2006

  20. DL Definitions - 3 • Issues and Spectra • Collection vs. Institution • Content vs. System • Access vs. Preservation • “Free” vs. Quality • Managed vs. Comprehensive • Centralized vs. Distributed USP, Brazil, August 2006

  21. DL Definitions - 4 • NOT a “digitized library” • NOT a “deconstruction” of existing systems and institutions, moving them to an electronic box in a Library • IS a new way to deal with knowledge • Authoring, Self-archiving, Collecting, • Organizing, Preserving, • Accessing, Propagating, Re-using USP, Brazil, August 2006

  22. USP, Brazil, August 2006

  23. USP, Brazil, August 2006

  24. USP, Brazil, August 2006

  25. People • Digital librarians • DL system developers • DL system administrators • DL managers • DL collection development staff • DL evaluators • DL users USP, Brazil, August 2006

  26. DL Manifesto - 1 • DL Reference Model • In support of the future European Digital Library • Developed by team connected with DELOS (Candela, Casteli, Ioannidis, Koutrica, Meghini, Pagano, Ross, Schek, Schuldt) • Draft 2.2 presented in Frescati, near Rome, June 2006 – 79 pages • Could be integrated with work of DLF, JISC, etc. USP, Brazil, August 2006

  27. DL Manifesto – 2: 3 Tiers USP, Brazil, August 2006

  28. DL Manifesto – 3: Main Concepts USP, Brazil, August 2006

  29. DL Manifesto – 4: Actor Roles USP, Brazil, August 2006

  30. Curriculum Development Project • Collaborative Research launched by: • Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech • School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill • Three year (2006 - 2008) funded project USP, Brazil, August 2006

  31. Project Teams/NSF Grant • Project Team at VT (IIS-0535057): • PI: Dr. Edward A. Fox (fox@vt.edu) • GRA: Seungwon Yang (seungwon@vt.edu) • Project Team at UNC-CH(IIS-0535060): • Co-PI: Dr. Barbara Wildemuth (wildem@ils.unc.edu) • Co-PI: Dr. Jeffrey Pomerantz (pomerantz@unc.edu) • GRA: Sanghee Oh (shoh@email.unc.edu) USP, Brazil, August 2006

  32. Project Links • Homepage http://curric.dlib.vt.edu/DLcurric.html - Overview, proposal, progress diary, news & interviews, contact information • Wiki http://curric.dlib.vt.edu/wiki - Resources will be added here - Coming soon  USP, Brazil, August 2006

  33. What We Do: • Identify, develop and test educational DL modules, guided by - Experts and international collaborators - Computing Curriculum 2001 - 5S framework - Analysis of DL course syllabi - Development of module template USP, Brazil, August 2006

  34. Taxonomy of DL Educational Resources

  35. Module name Learning objectives Level of effort required (in hours, for students, teachers) Prereq knowledge required Remedial materials 5S characterization Relationships with other modules and module topics Resources (books, …) Body of knowledge Topical outline with resources in context Theory and practice Learning activities Presentation materials Concept maps Exercises/learning activities Evaluation of learning outcomes Glossary Useful links Module Template (Draft)

  36. How to organize a DL course? • Various frameworks • What, Why, How • History, Current status, Future (research) • Economics: open source, sustainability • Social: users/patrons, management • Technical: HCI, HT, IR, LIS, Web • So, we should see what is discussed • And, we should generalize, so we have a stable framework that is intuitive and formally based USP, Brazil, August 2006

  37. 5S Framework • Developed at Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL, Virginia Tech ) • Strong foundation for DL module development • Intuitive as well as formal definitions • Base ideas named with five S’s - streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, societies • Key aspects of DLs precisely defined using one or more of the Ss • Set of metamodels for classes of DLs: minimal, archeological (ETANA), practical, European DL, … USP, Brazil, August 2006

  38. Informal 5S & DL DefinitionsDLs are complex systems that • help satisfy info needs of users (societies) • provide info services (scenarios) • organize info in usable ways (structures) • present info in usable ways (spaces) • communicate info with users (streams) USP, Brazil, August 2006

  39. 5S Examples USP, Brazil, August 2006

  40. 5S Hypotheses • A formal theory for DLs can be built based on 5S. • The formalization can serve as a basis for modeling and building high-quality DLs. USP, Brazil, August 2006

  41. 5S and DL formal definitions and compositions (April 2004 TOIS)

  42. Structures Societies Scenarios hypertext Streams indexing Spaces searching services Collection Repository browsing A Minimal DL in the 5S Framework Structured Stream Structural Metadata Specification Descriptive Metadata Specification Metadata Catalog Digital Object Minimal DL

  43. Services Taxonomy USP, Brazil, August 2006

  44. Requirements (1) Analysis (2) DL Designer 5S DL 5SGraph Meta Expert Model Practitioner 5SL Teacher DL Model c omponent Design (3) pool Researcher ODLSearch, ODLBrowse, ODLRate, Tailored ODLReview, 5SLGen ……. DL Implementation (4) Services 5SSuite 5SGraph 5SGen Mapping Tool

  45. USP, Brazil, August 2006

  46. USP, Brazil, August 2006

  47. DL Topics in 19 Modules (original) USP, Brazil, August 2006

  48. Module Revision 3/27/06 STREAM • Collection Development • Digitization • Document and E-publishing Markup • Harvesting • Digital objects/Composites/Packages • Text Resources • Multimedia streams/structures, Captures/representation, Compression/coding • Content-based analysis, Multimedia indexing • Multimedia presentation rendering STRUCTURE • Metadata, Cataloging, Author submission • Thesauri, Ontologies, Classification, Categorization • Bibliographic information, Bibliometrics, Citations • Architecture (agents, buses, wrappers/mediators), Interoperability USP, Brazil, August 2006

  49. Module Revision 3/27/06 SPACE • Spaces (conceptual, geographic, 2/3D, VR) • Storage • Repositories, Archives SENARIOS • Services (searching, linking, browsing, etc.) • Info needs, Relevance, Evaluation, Effectiveness • Search & search strategy, Info seeking behavior, User modeling, Feedback • Routing, Filtering, Community filtering • Sharing, Networking, Interchange • Info summarization, Visualization SOCIETIES • Intellectual property rights management, Privacy, Protection (watermarking) (ILS) • Social issues / Future DLs • Archiving and preservation integrity (ILS) USP, Brazil, August 2006

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