U.S Entry in World War II

1. U.S Entry in World War II By: Emily Stallings Sierra Maddox Caroline Karnatz Tyler Parker Ben Schniederjans Hannah Bengtson

2. Franklin D. Roosevelt • Was the President of the United States during World War II • Made many new laws in order to keep the U.S neutral including the Neutrality Act, Lend-Lease act, and the cash and carry act • Helped convince the citizens of the United States in was in their best interest to join the war

3. FDR cont. • Made new programs to help the United States come out of the depression such as the New Deal and the Fair Deal • Helped congress make the decisions on which law should be passed when and which ones should not be passed at all • Tried to help keep the U.S. Neutral as long as he could without putting the citizens lives in danger • Continued to help other countries through their times of need and establishing relationships with those countries • He was one of the greatest presidents to ever take over the United States

4. Dwight D. Eisenhower • 5 star general for the United States Army • Helped led American troops into essential battles in the Cold War • Signed the treaty with Russia that ended the Cold War after Stalin died • Was the 34th President of the United States of America • Continued most of the New Deal and Fair Deal Programs • Helped maintain World Peace

5. Dwight D. Eisenhower cont. • Helped aid in the desegregation of schools • Desegregated the Armed Forces • “There must be no second class citizens”-D. D. Eisenhower • Helped keep military power so that it was strong but not strong enough to threaten other countries with its size • Finally helped end the war and signed the treaty that officially ended World War II

6. George S. Patton • Graduated at West Point in 1909 • First officer to be assigned to the United States Tank Corps and therein saw French action • The “slapping incident” of 1943 nearly ended his military career • General Dwight D. Eisenhower took over for Patton afterward, but Patton was given command of the U.S. Third Army afterward. • During the Invasion of Normandy, Patton positioned himself so that the air fleet would be at his flank and therein demonstrated his understanding of battle tactics.

7. U.S. Neutrality • The U.S. was hesitant to join in other world affairs because they had lost so many young man in World War I • This was reflected in Congress and they soon elected the Neutrality Act of 1937 • This act made it unlawful to trade with Belligerents • The European War then broke out and Congress decided to amended the act in order to permit trading with France and Great Britain • In March of 1941, Congress made some more changed to the Neutrality act so they could send more help to France and Britain

8. U.S. Neutrality cont. • The Lend-Lease act then gave one of the final blows to U.S. Neutrality • 1941-Britain and the U.S. meet to see if the United States should join World War II • They decided that if the United States entered the war, that they would focus on taking down Germany • The President moved naval patrols in the Western Half of the Atlantic • By July, American troops were stationed in Britain ready to go into battle

9. U.S. Neutrality cont. • President Roosevelt still did not enter the war completely because U.S. citizens were still invested in Neutrality • In December, the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and the Americans were ready to go to war • On December 8, 1941, the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, America declared war on Germany and Japan

10. Lend-Lease Act • This policy was adopted by the United States to help aid its Allies during World War II • The system provided the Allies with: • Planes • Food • Water • Ammunition • Tanks • Trucks • Raw Materials

11. Lend-Lease Act cont. • $49 Billion went to aid British Commonwealth countries • The Soviet Union, China, and many other countries also received some form of help from the United States • United States troops stationed all over the world received about $8 billion in aid from the countries they were in

12. Lend-Lease Act cont. • Franklin D. Roosevelt promised in 1940 to materially aid the allies • However, France had to spend their money on growing arm purchases from the United States. • France could not pay, so the President urged Congress to let the allies pay them back “in kind or property” • The Lend-Lease Act was Passed in 1941, even though some said that it led the United States closer to the war

13. Cash and Carry Policy of 1939 • Replaced the Neutrality Act of 1936 • This policy said the U.S. would sell war material to all warring countries if they were to ship over to the U.S. and assume all responsibility at sea. • This was done to continue selling to Britain while not playing an active part in the war. • They also did this because they knew Germany did not have sufficient funds to successfully sail across the English-controlled Atlantic. • This also prevented any investments in any one country, so technically this policy was neutral. • However, this left the Allies short on funds and they had to revise the plan.

14. Pearl Harbor • Japanese bombed Hawaii’s Pearl Harbor • The attack took place on the morning of December 7, 1941 • The attack damaged or sunk 19 ships, including 8 battleships • More than 2,300 Americans were killed • President Roosevelt and Congress declared war on Japan and it’s allies on the same day (December 8, 1941) • “A date that will live in infamy” –President Roosevelt

15. The Allies Strike Back (Pearl Harbor Cont.) • In April 1942, 16 B-25 bombers bombed Tokyo and several other Japanese cities under Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle’s command • The bombs did little damage to the cities • The raid made an important psychological point to Americans and Japanese: Japan was vulnerable to attack • Japanese resources began to thin as Japan was under attack • “We started to doubt that we were invincible”– Japanese citizen

16. An Allied Offensive (Pearl Harbor Cont.) • General Douglas MacArthur was the commander of the allied forces in the Pacific • He developed a plan to handle Japanese troops • He believed storming each island would be a long costly effort (island-hop) • August 7, 1942, several thousand U.S. Marines, with Australian support landed on Guadalcanal and the neighboring island of Tulagi • “Hell is an enemy… so fanatic that it used its own dead bodies as booby traps.” – Ralph G. Martin

17. Battle of Midway • Fought in June 1942 • One of the most decisive battle of World War II • Four Japanese naval ships were destroyed by the Americans and this greatly destroyed Japan’s naval strength • Japan’s navy never really recovered from this U.S. victory which might have cost them the war

18. Battle of Guadalcanal • August 7, 1942 to February 9, 1943 • This occurred on and around the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific theatre of WWII • It was part of the Allied strategic plan to protect the convoy routes between the U.S. and New Zealand. • The Allies overwhelmed the outnumbered Japanese defenders, who had occupied the islands since May 1942, and captured Tulagi and Florida, as well as the airfield that was under construction on Guadalcanal.

19. Battle of Okinawa • The U.S. planned to capture Okinawa which would help them win the far east • They wanted to destroy Japan’s merchant fleet and used near by air strips for bombing raids on Japan’s industrial heartland • American losses on land totaled 7,373 to death and 32,056 to wounds • At sea, the American losses were 5,000 killed and 4,600 wounded

20. Battle of Okinawa cont. • Japan’s losses totaled 107,000 killed and 7,400 men taken as prisoners • Out of the 193 Kamikaze attacks launched against the American flee, 169 were destroyed • This was a significant win for the American troops

21. Battle of the Bulge • The Battle of the Bulge started in December of 1944 • Also known as the Battle if the Ardennes • Marshal von Rundstedt led a strong German force against the U.S. • The Germans tried to take advantage of the foggy weather by attacking Belgium grounds • Was the last major Nazi offensive attack against the allies • Called the Battle of the Bulge because the Germans created a bulge in the allies front line

22. Battle of Bulge cont. • American forces suffered 81,000 men to death, injuries, and capture • German forces lost 100,000 men to death, injuries, and capture • 600,000 U.S soldiers were involved in this battle • It was one of the bloodiest battle in World War II

23. Battle of Iwo Jima • Fought from February 19, 1945 to March 26, 1945. • Battle where the U.S. fought for and captured Iwo Jima from Japan. • The invasion was charged with the mission of capturing three airfields in Iwo Jima. • The battle produced some of the bloodiest and fiercest fighting in the Pacific Campaign of WWII. • The Japanese positions on the island were heavily fortified with fast bunkers, hidden artillery, and 18 km (11 miles) of underground tunnels.

24. Battle of Berlin • April 16, 1945 • The final battle on the eastern front • Soviet troops attempted to capture Berlin • German troops fought to the last man, but the Soviet victory was inevitable. • This battle finally ended the war and the German’s surrendered • May 8th the German’s stopped firing and it is now known as V-E or Victory Day in all European counties

25. WWII Tactics Employed by the U.S. • The U.S. was better at air warfare than land combat • Air warfare consisted of two parts: tactical and strategic • U.S. bombers were slow, heavily armed, and in the beginning were unescorted • Air warfare efforts were costly but effective in the United States • United States employed its strategic warfare during the day, which was considerably more accurate than flying by night

26. WWII U.S Tactics Cont. • The U.S. dropped its forces off in North Africa and wanted to defeat the enemies quickly • The U.S. adopted the German tactic of attack submarines by the “wolf-pack” technique • U.S. was going to use the atomic bomb on Germany, but they withdrew before the U.S had the chance to • Japanese cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima were used as test subjects

27. Effects on the Homefront • Rationing was very important because the leftover food was sent to the slodiers for them to eat • The women back home took the jobs of men • Donating was very helpful • “Baby Boom” ; 1942 • Women were urged by organized propaganda campains

29. Impact of World War II on the U.S. • The economy was increased greatly, even more than World War I • The depression was ended • New technological advances were taking place • More and more jobs were created • New industries were built anywhere and everywhere over the United States • The U.S. economy dominated all others • Became one of the world’s leading militaries • They became a more apparent world leader

30. Impact cont. • Medical advancements led to a healthier life • A feeling of nationalism and safety was established among the people • More support of the government • Many people were lost • Families were torn apart • Air conditioning was invented • Urbanization • Unexpected economy growth

31. Quiz • What Policy was adopted by the United States to help aid its allies during World War II? • The Allies Act • Lend-Lease Act • Neutrality Act • The Strike Tact

32. Quiz 2. The Allies strike back against Pearl Harbor attack. To whom was the U.S. attack on? • Germany • China • Indonesia • Japan

33. Quiz 3. What was the United State’s main tactic that was costly but highly effective? • Nuclear Bombing • Poison Gas • Air Warfare • Submarine Warfare

34. Quiz 4. The Neutrality Act of 1937 was passed because of… • U.S. was hesitant to join other world affairs because of the losses in World War I • Because they wanted to enter the war • They wanted to focus on their economy • They did not have enough money to go into the war

35. Quiz 5. Which of the following is NOT an impact of World War II • The economy was increase • More jobs became available • Technological advances were sinking and making no progress • The depression was ended after several years

36. Quiz • What were some of Roosevelt’s main accomplishment during his time in the army and as the president of the United States? • List some of the ways the home front was effected by the war and how the women were able to keep the country up and running • Explain the events that finally made the United States enter World War II

37. Answers • B, The Lend-Lease Act • D, Japan • C, Air warfare • A, U.S. was hesitant to join other world affairs because of the losses in World War I • C, Technological advances were sinking and making no progress

38. Answers • He keep the United States neutral as long as he could but still continued to help other countries entered in the war. He was one of the most respected presidents because he created laws the keep the U.S. out of the war. He also created acts such as the New Deal and the Fair Deal in order to get the United States out of the depression that had dropped their economy so badly.

39. Answers 2. The home front was effected in many ways from the war. The people at home had to ration their food out so they could send some to the soldiers. Also, they have to give up things such as toys and new clothes to send the materials to the war effort. Many people planted “victory gardens” and bought war bonds in order to help out the war and the women had to work in the factories making guns and other objects to send to the army.

40. Answers 3. The event that finally caused the U.S. to enter the world would be the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the morning of December 7, 1941 the Japanese attack Pear Harbor killing 2, 300 Americans. The Americans were filled with pride for their country and urged congress to drop the Neutrality act so they could go to war. They then declared war on Japan the very next day December 8, 1941