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Hominin Evolution

Hominin Evolution. Continued . Learning Objectives. 1. Describe the anatomical features of the Nariokotome boy 2. Identify the geographical areas where H. erectus fossils have been found, and the first fossil site outside of Africa.

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Hominin Evolution

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  1. Hominin Evolution Continued

  2. Learning Objectives • 1. Describe the anatomical features of theNariokotome boy • 2. Identify the geographical areas where H. erectus fossils have been found, and the first fossil site outside of Africa. • 3. Describe the unique anatomical features of the Neanderthals. • 4. Describe the latest findings in DNA analysis of Neanderthals • 5. Identify the anatomical features of Homo sapiens • 6. Understand the debate concerning the taxonomic placement of the 5-year old child from Europe.

  3. Homo erectus

  4. Homo erectus (“upright man”) • Widely distributed species: • 1st to _______________ • Towards:________________ • Oldest specimens of this species are found in ___________ • ___________ geographical regions

  5. Distribution of H. erectus Sites

  6. Nariokotome Boy (KNM-WT 1500) • Location: Nariokotome, Africa • Time period: ___________ • _________________________ • Estimated adult height: ___________

  7. Nariokotome Boy (KNM-WT 1500) • ‘Modern-like’ • ________________ • Why is this important? • Expansion ____________ • _________________ • What areas of the body provide information on growth & development?

  8. Beijing, China: Zhoukoudian Cave(Dragon Bone Hill) • 40 M/F adults and children • ________________________ • 670,000-410,000 years old • _______________________ • Longest history of visitation • Exhibit typical ____________________ • Few postcranial fossils found

  9. Beijing, China: Zhoukoudian Cave(Dragon Bone Hill) • Cultural remains: • ______________________ • Diet: ___________________ • Harsh winters: ___________

  10. Beijing, China: Zhoukoudian Cave(Dragon Bone Hill) • Evidence for _____________ • _____________ animal bone, stone tools, plants, ash along with bird eggs and seeds • Suggest: ____________________

  11. Homo erectus in Europe: Gran Dolina • Found the following: • ______________ • ______________ • _______________ • Evidence for ________________________ • Most complete skull – __________ • Facial bones, mandible, teeth

  12. Archaic Homo sapiens

  13. Archaic Homo sapiens Who are they? Specimens displaying mixtures of _____________ and ___________________ Proposed to separate these individuals into a distinct species. Homo antecessor (non-Africa) Homo heidelbergensis(Africa) We are going to keep Archaic Homo sapiens

  14. Archaic Homo sapiens Exhibit several ________________________ BUT also possess characteristics that are __________ _________________________________________ Example of ____________________ Spans three geographical areas ___________________ These areas are the same as ________ and _______________

  15. Neanderthals

  16. Where in the World are Neanderthals?

  17. Neanderthals Lived during the last major ice age Anatomical features ___________ ____________________________ Features: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

  18. Asia – Israel - Kebara • Partial skeleton (60,000ya) • ____________________ • Even without cranium & legs, _________________________ • What can we tell from the torso? • ____________ • __________________

  19. Asia – Israel - Kebara • Hyoid • Variation in morphology of the human hyoid is ________ • Kebara hyoid – __________________ • What does this imply? • Morphology • Language

  20. Europe – La Chapelle-aux-Saints Typical Neanderthal morphology Evidence of ______ _________________

  21. Europe – La Chapelle-aux-Saints • Evidence of ____________ • Body position = ________ • Position suggests that _____ was taken when burying the body • ______________________ Flexed Position

  22. Culture of Neanderthals Speech Probably were capable of _____________ Evidence based on: hyoid bone (found at Kebara) What else do we know? What did the movie say? __________

  23. Anatomically Modern Humans (AMHs)

  24. _________ ______________________ _____________ __________

  25. Africa – Ethiopia – Herto • Herto = Earliest AMH ______________= 160,000-154,000 • Characteristics are essentially modern • Cranium and dental remains found: • ________________ • ___________________

  26. Africa – Ethiopia – Herto

  27. Europe ––Abrigo do Lagar Velho • 24,500ya • ____________________ • Associated with: • 1. • 2.

  28. Europe ––Abrigo do Lagar Velho • Anatomically a __________ of _________________ and _______________features • __________________: regional Neanderthals and early modern humans

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