Platform Comparison Java and .NET Pat Palmer University of Pennsylvania

1. Platform ComparisonJava and .NETPat PalmerUniversity of Pennsylvania compare.ppt

2. Java and .NET • Java was created by Sun in 1992  • Microsoft introduced .NET and C# in 2000 • both platforms are object-oriented, type safe, and have automatic garbage collection • the two platforms have been competing vigorously on the desktop • but especially in the area of server technology • many developers become expert on one platform • few have time to learn both • the schism of understanding the two platforms widens • due to misinformation and disinformation  • what are the strengths and issues for each platform? compare.ppt

3. 2008 forecast for market share of OS by platform: (2q 06) Windows 40% Unix 29% Linux 15% Others 16% forecast market share of OS unit sales: (05) in 2002 in 2003 in 2007 Windows 45% 59% 59% Linux 20% 24% 33% Unix 16% 10% 5% Others 19% 7% 3% market share of server shipments by platform in 2005: Windows 65.6% Linux 20.0% Unix 9.5% NetWare 4.2% Others 0.7% FROM: InfoTech Trends http://www.infotechtrends.com/ report from 2Q 2006, accessed on 4/8/2007 compare.ppt

4. main sections • simple programs • overview of platforms • why did Sun do it? • why did Microsoft do it? • Service Oriented Architecture – the peacemaker? compare.ppt

5. 1 simple programs compare.ppt

6. console programs // Java public class Hello { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello world in Java"); } } // C# namespace Hello { public class Hello { static void Main(string[] args) { System.Console.WriteLine ("Hello world in C#"); System.Console.ReadLine(); } } } ‘ VB Module HelloWorld Sub Main System.Console.WriteLine(“Hello World in VB.NET”) System.Console.ReadLine() End Sub End Module compare.ppt

7. how much work is it to get this? compare.ppt

8. mininal window import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; publicclass Hello extends JFrame implements Runnable { publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Hello()); } publicvoid run() { this.setSize(new Dimension(200,200)); this.setTitle("Hello in Java"); this.setVisible(true); } } using System.Windows.Forms; namespace TinyWindowApp { public class HelloForm : Form { static void Main() { Application.Run(new HelloForm()); } public HelloForm() { ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 200); Text = "Hello in C#"; } } } compare.ppt

9. 2 overview of platforms compare.ppt

10. identical types of runtime environments J2SE (Standard) runtime desktop applications J2EE (Enterprise) runtime web applications J2ME (Micro) runtime runtime for gadgets C# or VB.NET with VS Express desktop application IIS with VS Express Web web applications .NET compact framework runtime for gadgets compare.ppt

11. Java platform - .NET platform FREE NOT • Java Virtual Machine (JVM) aka Java Runtime Environment (JRE) • Linux, Windows, Mac and Unix • download from Sun • JIT compiler and libraries • Java Development Kit (JDK) • Java compiler and utilities • Java bytecode • integrated development env. (IDE) • Eclipse (free - IBM) • Netbeans (free - Sun) • application servers • Tomcat • Glassfish (Sun) • BEA Weblogic • IBM Websphere • Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 aka .NET common language runtime (CLR) • all versions of Windows (40+) • download from Microsoft • JIT compiler and libraries • NET framework 2.0 SDK • C# and VB.NET compilers and utilities • Common Intermediate Language (CIL) • integrated development env. (IDE) • Visual Studio Express (free - Microsoft) • application servers • Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) compare.ppt

12. features 1 virtual machine platforms (all major OS’s) spec implementations libraries languages Java Jython Groovy web servers (many vendors) platforms (Unix, Linux) scalability cost web capabilities servlet JSP JSF virtual machine platforms (all versions of Windows) spec implementations libraries languages C#, VB.NET, J# from Microsoft many others from third parties (Haskell, Lisp, Python, COBOL, Fortran, etc.) web servers (just one!) platforms (most Windows) scalability cost web capabilities handler ASP (.NET) (forgot equivalent name) compare.ppt

13. features 2 native code calling components beans environments applet (in browser) servlet (in server) Web Start installs from web caches on user’s PC deployment .jar .war .ear .class complex, painful learning curve that differs for each web server, container, and IDE automated via ANT XML, like make on Unix native code calling components .DLL environments ActiveX (in browser) handler (in server) Smart Client installs from web caches on user’s PC deployment .exe (on file system) .exe (in GAC) .dll (on file system) all builds and web installation is automatically handled by Visual Studio (Microsoft’s IDE) compare.ppt

14. features 3 databases JDBC CORBA binary object remoting XML via 3rd-party add-ons until Java 6 IDE’s Eclipse, with 1000’s of plugins NetBeans (from Sun) – also free service oriented architecture (SOA) annotations appearing web services WS-I supported but difficult (3rd party) new partial automation in Java 6 and latest NetBeans IDE I haven’t evaluated these yet databases ODBC COM binary object remoting XML excellent support early one IDE’s free versions of Visual Studio some third party IDE’s service oriented architecture (SOA) annotations web services WS-I superbly automated by Visual Studion since 2005 compare.ppt

15. the JRE and .NET runtimes include lots of libraries • programs can call a huge body of pre-written code • these reusable components are called the Class Libraries • in Java, sometimes they are also called packages or Java API’s • in .NET, they tend to be called the framework class libraries • the libraries are designed to be used identically • in Java, regardless of the underlying operating system • in .NET, regardless of the underlying version of Windows OR which language is being used compare.ppt

16. Just in Time (JIT) compilers in JRE (JVM) and .NET runtimes bytecode source code compiler .class file metadata execution native code JIT Compiler compilation before installation, or the first time each method is called compare.ppt

17. console commands for compiling Java and C#.NET hello.cs hello.java csc javac hello.exe hello.class 1001111010001110 Common Intermediate Language (CIL) 1001111010001110Java bytecode assembly these run in different virtual machines > javahello > hello.exe compare.ppt

18. .NET platform components compilers VB C++ C# J# Python … web services automation Windows Designer Microsoft VisualStudio .NET ASP.NET, IIS Data and XML Microsoft .NET Framework framework class libraries Common Language Runtime (CLR)virtual machine (like Java) Microsoft operating systems since Win98 download free Software Development Kit (SDK) free download compare.ppt

19. Java platform components compilers Java JRuby JPython … web services automation beans, remoting, servers various open sourceand proprietary players Java Server Pages and servlets Data and XML JRE and JDK Java API’s Java Runtime Environement (JRE)virtual machine Unix, Linux, Max OS X, Windows download free Software Development Kit (SDK) free download compare.ppt

20. who implements Java runtimes? Sun Microsystems • Java HotSpot Virtual Machine for Windows, Linux, Unix Hewlett-Packard • Java runtime for HP-UX, OpenVMS, Tru64, Reliant(Tandem) UNIX) IBM • Java runtime for MVS, AIX, OS/400, z/OS Apple Computer • MacOS Runtime for Java (MRJ) • J2SE built-in on Mac OS X • includes JDK (compilers) BEA Systems • JRockit (for their web server) compare.ppt

21. jargon checklist • metadata • bytecode • JVM • JRE • JDK • J2SE • J2ME • J2EE • IDE • GUI • what is an assembly? • an .exe or .dll file compiled by a .NET compiler • what is “metadata”? • the self-describing information inside a .NET assembly or Java .class file • What is CIL? (formerly MSIL) • Common Intermediate Language (inside a .NET assembly) • What is the CLR? • Common Language Runtime that executes CIL code • what is managed code? • software that runs in the CLR • what is native code (or unmanaged code)? • software than can run on Windows without the CLR compare.ppt

22. 3 why did Sun do it? compare.ppt

23. C and C++ perceived common problems • pointers are dangerous • memory leaks (failing to free memory correctly) • function pointers (jumping to the wrong place) • data pointers (pointing to the wrong place) • manual garbage collection is a lot of work • multiple inheritance (C++) can get very complicated • ambiguities like the “diamond problem” (a.k.a. “diamond of death”) • not easily portable across platforms, even with re-compile and discipline compare.ppt

24. a few ways Java improved on C++ • instead of pointers, Java has references • references are similar to pointers, but with protections (cannot jump into illegal parts of memory)—avoids segmentation fault problems • automatic garbage collection • memory is reclaimed from the heap automatically—avoids memory leaks • single inheritance • avoiding the deadly diamond of death • encapsulation • all code must be in a class—intended to encourage information hiding • array bounds checking • libraries • many common tasks already coded and available for “reuse” by means of inheritance • many interfaces (behaviors) already coded compare.ppt

25. 4 why did Microsoft do it? compare.ppt

26. Microsoft’s big headache • prior to .NET, Microsoft had a big headache • Microsoft was supporting too many operating systems • application programming interfaces (API’s) were implemented as dynamic link libraries (DLL’s) develop using C++ • calling the Windows API was different on every operating system • developers first had to find out exactly what kind of system the program was running on • and then determine if the API desired was actually installed on the system • that doesn’t sound so bad • after all, there are only a few different kinds of Windows… …right? compare.ppt

27. party trivia question • how many different versions of the Windows operating system existed before Vista, which had their own distinct mix of API’s? select the closest answer: • 5 • 15 • 25 • 35 compare.ppt

28. Windows versions which can run the .NET framework • Windows XP Professional x64 Edition • Windows Server 2003, Standard x64 Edition • Windows Server 2003, Enterprise x64 Edition • Windows Server 2003, Datacenter x64 Edition • Windows Server 2003 R2, Standard x64 Edition • Windows Server 2003 R2, Enterprise x64 Edition • Windows Server 2003 R2, Datacenter x64 Edition • Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Enterprise Edition for Itanium-based Systems • Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Datacenter Edition for Itanium-based Systems • Windows Server 2003 R2, Enterprise Edition for Itanium-based Systems • Windows Server 2003 R2, Datacenter Edition for Itanium-based Systems • Microsoft Windows Mobile™ for Pocket PC • Windows Mobile for Smartphone • Microsoft Windows CE • Windows 98 • Windows 98 Second Edition • Windows 2000 Professional with SP4 • Windows 2000 Server with SP4 • Windows 2000 Advanced Server with SP4 • Windows 2000 Datacenter Server with SP4 • Windows XP Professional with SP2 • Windows XP Home Edition with SP2 • Windows XP Media Center Edition 2002 with SP2 • Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004 with SP2 • Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 • Windows XP Tablet PC Edition with SP2 • Windows XP Starter Edition • Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition • Microsoft Windows Server™ 2003 Standard Edition • Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition • Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition • Windows Server 2003 Web Edition • Windows Server 2003 R2, Standard Edition • Windows Server 2003 R2, Enterprise Edition • Windows Server 2003 R2, Datacenter Edition • NOTE: does not include Vista compare.ppt

29. Windows versions that can not run the .NET framework v2.0 • Windows 95 • Windows NT® Server • Windows NT Workstation • Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition for Itanium-based Systems • Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition for Itanium-based Systems compare.ppt

30. 5 Service Oriented Architecture – the peacemaker? compare.ppt

31. who are the big web server and database marketplace players? • Sun • IBM • BEA • SAP • Oracle • Microsoft compare.ppt

32. world wide web development • Java servlets • Java Server Pages (JSP) • Beans • CORBA (binary) • XML web services (SOA) • .NET handlers • Active Server Pages (ASP.NET) • .NET DLL’s and .NET custom controls • COM (binary) • XML Web services (SOA) compare.ppt

33. Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) • web services • remotely located programs that use XML to make remote calls and get the results • XML traveling over HTTP • it’s all plain text and goes through firewalls • standards are emerging • Jave service end points and Microsoft client endpoints can talk to each other (and vice versa) compare.ppt

34. what we just covered • simple programs • overview of platforms • why did Sun do it? • why did Microsoft do it? • Service Oriented Architecture – the peacemaker? compare.ppt

35. the end of this PowerPoint file Hooray! compare.ppt