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Romanesque 3: What is Romanesque Style ? continued

Romanesque 3: What is Romanesque Style ? continued. III. Romanesque Burgundy. alternative thin wall construction. First large-scale church in France with groin vaults throughout. Benedictine Abbey at Vézelay ( Cluniac 1096-1137), choir, transept, narthex, 1090-1104

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Romanesque 3: What is Romanesque Style ? continued

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  1. Romanesque 3: What is Romanesque Style? continued

  2. III. Romanesque Burgundy alternative thin wall construction First large-scale church in France with groin vaults throughout Benedictine Abbey at Vézelay (Cluniac 1096-1137), choir, transept, narthex, 1090-1104 nave 1120-32 Benedictine Abbey at Vézelay (Cluniac 1096-1137), choir, transept, narthex, 1090-1104 nave 1120-32

  3. III. Romanesque Burgundy alternative thin wall construction First large-scale church in France with groin vaults throughout Vézelay – groin-vaulted nave with generous clerestory windows groin or cross vaults

  4. III. Romanesque Burgundy narthex portals Vézelay – narthex with sculpted portal going into the nave coming out into the narthex

  5. III. Romanesque Burgundy narrative sculpture on portals + in cloisters Benedictine abbey at Moissac, France (Cluniac from 1048), south portal 1115-30

  6. III. Romanesque Burgundy narrative sculpture on portals + in cloisters Earliest historiated capitals in a cloister Cloister of Moissac abbey church, 1085-1100 cloister garden cloister walk

  7. III. Romanesque Burgundy narrative sculpture on portals + in cloisters South portal of Moissac abbey church, 1115-30 trumeau – prophet Jeremiah trumeau

  8. III. Romanesque Burgundy: the Cistercian challenge 1073 Benedictine monk Robert of Molesme joins hermits in the forest of Collan 1098 Robert, Alberic, and Stephen Harding settle in the forest of Cîteau, found the New Monastery

  9. III. Romanesque Burgundy: Cistercian challenge Cîteaux = Cisteaux = Cistercian What remains of the abbey at Cîteaux 1113 Nobleman Bernard of Fontaine (a.k.a. Bernard of Clairvaux) arrives at Cîteaux Bernard: “One learns more in the woods than in books. The trees and the rocks will teach you things you will not hear elsewhere.”

  10. III. Romanesque Burgundy: Cistercian challenge Bernard founds the new of daughter house of the monks at Ciairvaux in 1115 and Fontenay in 1118 Fontenay Abbey, France, construction 1133-47 Clairvaux today

  11. III. Romanesque Burgundy: Cistercian challenge Fontenay Abbey

  12. III. Romanesque Burgundy: Cistercian challenge Work ethos = functional buildings cloister(s), refectory, chapter house, dormitory, workroom and forge, fountain Benedictine abbey at Cluny Cistercian abbey of Fontenay

  13. III. Romanesque Burgundy: Cistercian challenge Work ethos = functional buildings Fontenay forge dormitory

  14. Distinctive formal characteristics of the Romanesque clear geometric shapes (massing) ? Cistercian abbey of Fontenay

  15. Distinctive formal characteristics of the Romanesque exterior/interior masses and volumes correspond Cistercian abbey church of Fontenay east end facing east toward chancel

  16. Distinctive formal characteristics of the Romanesque exterior/interior masses and volumes correspond Cistercian abbey church of Fontenay transept with chancel and chapels east end

  17. III. Romanesque Burgundy: Theory the Cistercian model Plan of a Cistercian church from French master-builder Villard de Honnecourt’s sketchbook (1230s) Cistercian abbey of Fontenay

  18. III. Romanesque Burgundy: Theory the Cistercian model Cistercian abbey church of Fontenay

  19. III. Romanesque Burgundy: Cistercian challenge the cloister Fontenay’s cloister cloister garden cloister walk

  20. Le Thoronet Cistercian abbey, France (Provence), 1135

  21. Le Thoronet Cistercian abbey, France (Provence), 1135

  22. III. Romanesque Burgundy: the Cistercian challenge Network of Cluniac monasteries Network of Cistercian monasteries

  23. IV. Romanesque basilicas and structure – looking up (wall to ceiling) Implications for articulation of wall and parts? St. Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany, 1010-33 (Ottonian) Speyer Cathedral, Germany, 1030-61; 1081-1133

  24. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) Implications for articulation of wall and parts? St. Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany, 1010-33 (Ottonian) Speyer Cathedral, Germany, 1030-61 (wood ceiling)

  25. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) Implications for articulation of wall and parts? Central Italy (Tuscany) – wood ceiling Germany (wood ceiling) Pisa Cathedral, 1063-1118 Speyer Cathedral, 1030-61

  26. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) wood ceilings

  27. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) Normandy: implications for wall and parts? Germany Normandy Abbey church at Jumièges (Normandy) France, 1037-66, wood roofed nave Speyer Cathedral, 1030-61

  28. IV. Romanesque basilicas with wood roofs Normandy: implications for wall and parts? Normandy wood roof and double bays Germany Jumièges (Normandy) France, 1037-66 Speyer Cathedral, 1030-61

  29. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) Germany’s vaults: implications for wall and parts? Germany groin vaulted nave and double bays Normandy wood roof and double bays Jumièges (Normandy) France, 1037-66 Speyer Cathedral, 1081-1133

  30. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) Normandy: implications for wall and parts? Abbey of St.-Étienne, Caen, France, 11th-12th century (1064-77, vaults 1120)

  31. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) Normandy: wood ceiling and thick wall construction St.-Étienne at Caen with timber ceiling, double bays, and clerestory passage, 1064-77

  32. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) England: wood ceiling and thick wall construction Anglo-Norman wood ceiling Germany (wood ceiling) Speyer Cathedral, 1030-61 Ely Cathedral, 1081-115

  33. IV. Romanesque basilicas and structure rib vaults Durham’s choir aisle vaults, earliest known rib vaults, 1093 rib vaults in choir aisle (1093-96) Durham Cathedral, Durham, England, 1093-1133 skeletal frame alone bears the load

  34. IV. Romanesque basilicas and structure rib vaults Durham Cathedral – rib vaults in choir aisle skeletal frame alone bears the load

  35. IV. Romanesque basilicas and structure rib vaults planking and wattle to support webbing during construction ribs of a rib vault mobile centering one bay at a time Soissons Cathedral, France left in place in Lincoln Cathedral

  36. IV. Romanesque basilicas and structure about Durham Durham Cathedral, Durham, England, 1093-1133 regular clergy (monastic clergy) = monastic layout

  37. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) Durham: rib vaults, thick wall, double bay Durham Cathedral – thick wall and double bay system

  38. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) Durham: rib vaults, thick wall, double bay Earls Barton, 970 - Anglo-Saxon church tower with linear surface decoration Durham Cathedral – surface decoration on archivolts and cylindrical piers

  39. IV. Romanesque basilicas and structure rib vaults Durham nave rib vaults, 1128-33

  40. IV. Romanesque basilicas and structure rib vaults St.-Étiennewith timber ceiling, 1064-77 St.-Étiennewith rib vaults added 1120

  41. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) Normandy: rib vaults, thick wall, double bay St.-Étiennewith rib vaults added 1120 – thick-wall, double-bay system

  42. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) Different vaults and double bay systems Speyer Cathedral (Rhineland, Germany) with groin vaults and double-bay system St.-Étienneat Caen (Normandy) with sexpartite rib vaults and double-bay system

  43. IV. Romanesque basilicas – looking up (wall to ceiling) Other rib vaults and double bay systems S. Ambrogio in Milan with quadripartite rib vaults on double-bay system, complete by 1117 St.-Étienne in Caen with rib vaults added in 1120

  44. IV. Romanesque basilicas and structure Durham: first pointed rib St.-Étiennewith sexpartite rib vaults and all round arches Durham Cathedralwith paired quadripartite rib vaults and pointed transverse arches

  45. IV. Romanesque basilicas and structure Durham: first pointed rib Pointed arches and vaults – already seen in Burgundy (Cluny III) but not combined with rib technique Cluny III: load-bearing pointed barrel vault with pointed transverse arches Durham: pointed rib (the transverse arches only)

  46. V. Romanesque structural technology building blocks of Gothic architecture available Gothic architecture +

  47. Roger Stalley, Early Medieval Architecture, 1999

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