Chapter 10

1. Chapter 10 Fire Hose and Appliances

2. Introduction • Hose used to move water to fire • Fire hose is a flexible conduit • Today, many materials are used to make hose • Couplings, adapters, and appliances used to connect hose • Most departments use National Standard Hose Threads

3. Construction of Fire Hose • Two components: hose and couplings • Fire hose can be wrapped, braided, or woven • Specific types of hoses: • Attack • Supply hose • Soft suction and hard suction • Occupant use • Forestry

4. Figure 10-1 Woven and rubber-coated fire hose.

5. Care and Maintenanceof Fire Hose • Begins with careful folding and placement of the dry hose • Always folded at different places • Hose bed should be designed to facilitate circulation of air flow • Several steps can be taken to reduce damage to hose

6. Types of Hose Coupling • Couplings allow hose and appliances to be joined • Threaded and non-threaded couplings • Made of brass, aluminum, or an alloy called pyrolite • Lugs or handles are used for tightening or breaking connection

7. Care and Maintenanceof Couplings • Keep clean • Store properly • Do not drag couplings • Perform a visual inspection each time hose is reloaded

8. Hose Tools and Appliances • Tools include: • Rope hose tools • Wrenches • Rollers • Clamps • Other items: valves, wyes, portable hydrants, strainers, pipes, caps, etc.

9. Figure 10-11 Various hose tools.

10. Figure 10-12 Hose roller.

11. Coupling and Uncoupling Hose • Connecting hose couplings can be accomplished in several ways: • One-person foot-tilt method • One-person over-the-hip method • Two-person over-the-hip method • Uncoupling hose with spanners • One-person knee-press uncoupling method

12. Hose Rolls • Type of hose roll dictated by department policy • Firefighters should practice all types of hose rolls

13. Straight/Storage • Easiest to work with • Often used when picking up after a fire • Start with hose flat on ground • From male end, to protect threads, roll hose straight to opposite end • Once roll is finished, it is ready to be moved to storage

14. Single Donut • For access to either or both couplings • Lay hose flat • Fold hose on top of itself with male coupling three feet short of female coupling • Start at fold and roll toward couplings; a second firefighter can assist • Leave small space at center of roll to provide handhold • Alternative method by starting off-center about six feet to protect male coupling

15. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-6 Straight or Storage Hose Roll A Start with the hose flat on the ground. From the male end, to protect the threads, roll it straight to the opposite end. B Once the roll is finished, it is ready to be moved to storage.

16. Twin or Double Donut • For special applications • Laid flat with both couplings at one end and each half lying parallel • At center, loop is folded over top of both halves • Roll started toward couplings at same time • At end, roll may be tied together for carrying • Twin donut can be secured by using the hose itself

17. Twin-Donut Hose Roll Job PerformanceRequirement 10-9 A First the hose is laid flat with both couplings at one end and each half lying parallel to the other. B At the center, the loop is folded over the top of both halves.

18. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-9 (cont’d.) • Twin-Donut Hose Roll C The roll is started toward the couplings at the same time. D At the end, the roll may be tied together for carrying. 10.18

19. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-9 (cont’d.) • Twin-Donut Hose Roll E The twin donut can be secured by using the hose itself. This is called a self-locking roll. To accomplish this, extend the amount of hose that is used for the starting fold and loop. Allow this excessive hose to “flop” as the twin donuts are rolled. When finished, use the extra hose at the center to form a bight around the two end couplings. (Photo courtesy Loveland Fire and Rescue) 10.19

20. Hose Carries • Type of hose carry is dictated by user preference and on-scene conditions • Firefighters should practice to be proficient in all types of hose carries

21. Drain and Carry • Combines the two steps of draining and carrying • Done with one section of hose • Starts at one end of hose; with coupling held waist height, feeds hose over shoulder and back to waist • Fold is created and hose is laid on itself back to front • Firefighter continues to walk forward folding and refolding hose at waist until finished • Hose can be carried to new location

22. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-10 Drain and Carry A The firefighter starts at one end of the hose and with the coupling held waist height feeds the hose over the shoulder and back down to the waist. B A fold is created and the hose is laid on itself back to the front.

23. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-10 (cont’d.) • Drain and Carry C The firefighter continues to walk forward folding and refolding the hose at the waist until finished. The hose can then be carried to the new location. 10.23

24. Shoulder Loop Carry • Carry is similar to rolling an electrical cord around one's arm but with bigger loops • Place nozzle or end of hose over shoulder resting against back • Walk forward three feet, pick up hose, and form bight to bring hose back up and over shoulder, creating a loop • Continue as each section is picked up and carried forward

25. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-11 • Shoulder Loop Carry B Walk forward about 3 feet (1 m), pick up the hose, and form a bight to bring the hose back up and over the shoulder, creating a loop. C Continue as each section is picked up and carried forward. A Place the nozzle or end of hose over the shoulder resting against the back.

26. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-11 (cont’d.) • Shoulder Loop Carry E Return the hose to the opposite shoulder moving forward in the new direction. D If you need to move in the opposite direction, the loops are collected and raised with your hands and then rotated to the opposite direction.

27. Single-Section Street Drag • Can move one or two hoselines • Put end of hose over your shoulder with coupling in front at waist height and walk away dragging line • Place a line over each shoulder and pull two lines • If additional sections are needed, additional firefighters can do the same

28. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-12 • Single-Section Street Drag A Put the end of a section of hose over your shoulder with the coupling in front at waist height and walk away dragging the line. B Place a line over each shoulder and pull two lines.

29. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-12 (cont’d.) • Single-Section Street Drag C If additional sections are needed, additional firefighters can do the same with the following sections until the desired amount of hose is stretched.

30. Hose Loads • Dependent on type of firefighting operations a company will employ • A well-trained company should be able to perform any required fire scene tasks • Dutchman: short fold of hose or reverse fold that allows coupling placement on load

31. Figure 10-14 A dutchman is a short fold of hose or a reverse fold that is used when loading hose and a coupling comes at a point where a fold should take place or when two couplings end up on top of each other. The dutchman moves the coupling to another point in the load.

32. Accordion Load • Can be used for pre-connected hose lines • Used for providing additional supply line • Ideal for making up shoulder loads

33. Flat Load • Used for: • Supply lines • Some attack lines • Involves laying the hose flat • Intended use dictates whether female or male end remains exposed when line is loaded

34. Figure 10-15 A straight finish load simply involves taking the final length or two of a load and laying it flat across the top of the load. A rope with adapters, a spanner wrench, and a hydrant wrench attached allows the layout person quick access to all the necessary tools and enough hose to make the hydrant connection.

35. Horseshoe Load • Normally used for supply line • Relatively simple to load • Usually deploys well • Useful for operations that require entire hoseload to be deployed at once

36. Finish Loads andPre-connected Loads • Utilizes the three methods of loading previously discussed • Straight finish load used with a straight hose lay • Attack line can be attached to end of a hose load • Backstretch • Flying stretch • Pre-connected lines can be made up using any number of loads or combinations

37. Figure 10-16 A reverse horseshoe load for laying out is made on top of the hose load but in the reverse direction (front to back), and at the center point of the “U” of the horseshoe the rope with adapters and wrenches is attached. The first portion of the hose may need a twist in it to get it to change direction.

38. (A) (B) Figure 10-17 Pre-connected combination loads include horseshoe, accordion, accordion layers or alternating horseshoe and accordion layers. (A) Horseshoe, accordion, accordion layers. (B) Alternating horseshoe and accordion layers.

39. Flat Load, Minuteman Load,and Triple-Layer Load • Pre-connected loads must allow rapid removal of hose from slot or bed • Flat load, as a pre-connect, is based on flat load described earlier • Minuteman is a pre-connected load using narrower section of the hose bed • Loads combined with each other or new loads • Hose load should serve needs of the department

40. Stored Hose Load/Packs • Apparatuses typically carry stored hose rolls and special application hose packs • Hose rolls are extra sections of rolled hose • Can be stored as a straight roll, donut roll, or double donut • Hose packs are numerous in design and makeup

41. Wildland FirefightingHose Loads • Often requires firefighters to stretch hoseline a great distance from engine • Hose is rolled and bundled together • Placing two bundles together allows each firefighter to carry 200 feet

42. Advancing Hoselines – Charged/Uncharged • Engine company's purpose is to advance hoselines to seat of fire and to supply water • Tasks accomplished in most efficient manner • Nozzle person advances first shoulder load with nozzle • Officer takes second position • Engine person takes third position in a three-person line

43. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-18 • Advancing a Horseshoe Load C Step away to pull the hose out of the bed. A Place the nozzle on the hose and select the desired amount of hose to deploy. B Pull the hose and place it on your shoulder.

44. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-20 • Advancing the Flat Load from a Pre-connect Bed A Start the flat load at the discharge with the hose laid. At a point from one-third to one-half the length of the line, an ear or row of ears should be added to assist in pulling the line. B To advance the line, grab the nozzle and place it over the shoulder with the other hand reaching around and pulling the ear.

45. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-20 (cont’d.) • Advancing the Flat Load from a Pre-connect Bed C Walk away, pulling the line behind.

46. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-22 • Advancing the Minuteman Load A Lift up the nozzle and layers above it while pulling them out and placing them midway on the shoulder. B Step away to remove the remainder of the top layers.

47. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-22 (cont’d.) • Advancing the Minuteman Load C Turn around and pull the ear to remove the remaining hose. D When the bottom sections are fully stretched out, allow the shoulder load to flake out toward the fire.

48. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-24 • Advancing the Triple-Layer Load A Grab the layer with the nozzle and place it on the shoulder. B Pull the layers out of the slot, or another firefighter can grab the next layer.

49. Job PerformanceRequirement 10-24 (cont’d.) • Advancing the Triple-Layer Load C Stretch the hose to the fire.

50. Into Structures • Advancing a hoseline into a structure requires: • Careful placement of pumper and hoseline • Proper selection of correct size and length hoseline • Skillful execution by hose crew • Crew selects hoseline and properly removes it from engine • Ensure there is adequate hose available at entry point • Check door for heat before entering