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Section 1.3 Notes

Section 1.3 Notes. Organizing Data. EQ?. 1.3 ORGANIZING DATA. Presenting Scientific Data Even though scientists organize their data, they use graphs to show their results. Types of Graphs: Line Graphs: S how continuous change

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Section 1.3 Notes

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  1. Section 1.3 Notes Organizing Data

  2. EQ? 1.3 ORGANIZING DATA • Presenting Scientific Data • Even though scientists organize their data, they use graphs to show their results. • Types of Graphs: • Line Graphs: Show continuous change • Independent Variable – You chose the interval to take measurements (and it is shown on the x-axis) • Dependent Variable – What happens in the experimentwhen you take data (and it is shown on the y-axis) • Bar Graphs: Compare the values of items • Pie Graphs: Show parts of a whole INSERTPICTURE

  3. EQ? 1.3 ORGANIZING DATA • Scientific Notation • To reduce the number of zeros in very big and very small numbers, you can express the values as simple numbers multiplied by a power of 10. • Some powers of 10 and their decimal equivalents: • Example:34 000 = 3.4 x 104 INSERTPICTURE

  4. EQ? 1.3 ORGANIZING DATA • Using Significant Figures • Significant figures are a prescribed decimal place that determines the amount of rounding off to be done based on the precision of the measurement • Scientist use significant figures to show the precision of a measured quantity. • Precision is the exactness of a measurement • Accuracy is a description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured. INSERTPICTURE

  5. EQ? 1.3 ORGANIZING DATA • Good Accuracy: near the center • Good Precision: close together INSERTPICTURE

  6. EQ? 1.3 ORGANIZING DATA • Good Accuracy: near the center • Poor Precision: spread apart INSERTPICTURE

  7. EQ? 1.3 ORGANIZING DATA • Poor Accuracy: far from center • Good Precision: close together INSERTPICTURE

  8. EQ? 1.3 ORGANIZING DATA • Poor Accuracy: far from center • Poor Precision: spread apart INSERTPICTURE

  9. EQ? 1.3 ORGANIZING DATA • Significant Figures • Nonzero Digit: Always significant8675319: 7 sig figs • Leading Zero: Never significant0.00025: 2 sig figs • Captured Zero: Always significant401: 3 sig figs • Trailing Zero: Only significant if there isa decimal.1000 : 1 sig fig1000. : 3 sig figs0.100 : 2 sig figs1.000000 : 7 sig figs INSERTPICTURE

  10. EQ? 1.3 ORGANIZING DATA • Multiplication and Division Rules: • The answer should have the same number of significant figures as the least precise value in the calculation. • Example: 15 x 3 = 452sf 1sf answer • The answer rounds to 1 sig fig: 50 INSERTPICTURE

  11. EQ? 1.3 ORGANIZING DATA • Addition and Subtraction Rules: • The answer cannot have more decimal places than the least number of decimalplaces in the calculation. • Example: 1 5 . 5 tenths position+ 3 . 0 1hundredths position 1 8 . 5 1The answer rounds to the tenths position: 18.5! INSERTPICTURE

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