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Introduction to Microprocessors and Computer Systems

Learn about microprocessors, their physical aspects, the history of computing hardware, Moore's Law, and the development of microprocessors. Understand the importance of studying this topic and the various applications and operating systems related to microprocessors and computer systems.

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Introduction to Microprocessors and Computer Systems

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  1. Lecture 1 Microprocessors and Computer Systems

  2. What is a microprocessor? • It’s a semiconductor IC • Provides the pseudointelligence of a system • Performing arithmetic and logic ops • Reading data from and writing data to memory and I/O • Perform step-by-step procedure • Implement as a CPU in a computer system • Used for any application requiring decision capability and/or process control

  3. Von Neumann’s Model Input Memory CPU Output Stored-program computer model

  4. Before Microprocessor Era u v • 1940s (first gen. of electrical digital computers) • Vacuum tubes • Late 1950s & early 1960s • Transistors • Post-1960 • ICs • Along came microprocessors… • More information  wikipedia (topic: “History of computing hardware”) w 1. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/RCA12ax7.jpg 2. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f8/Transistor-photo.JPG 3. http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/images/c01356.jpg

  5. Physical aspect of Microprocessors • Small size of die • Contain millions of transistors (and counting…) http://www-md.e-technik.uni-rostock.de/lehre/vlsis/2002/chip/chip_bilder/gleu/chip1.jpg

  6. Moore’s Law u v • Gordon E. Moore (Co-founder of Intel) • Getting double the number of transistors in every 24 months (with minimum cost) • Get more info from Intel’s website(recommended) 1. http://www.intel.com/technology/mooreslaw/pix/ml_img.jpg 2. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/Wgsimonmooreslaw001.jpg

  7. MPU development (case study of Intel) • http://www.intel.com/museum/online/hist_micro/hof/tspecs.htm

  8. Why do we study this stuff? Applications Operating Systems Computer System (CPU rules)

  9. Course Outline (revisit) • Microprocessors & Computer Systems • Microprocessor Architecture • Instruction Set • Memory Technology & Interfacing • MMU, Cache Memory Input Memory CPU Output

  10. Course Outline (revisit) • Input/Output & interfacing • Interrupts • DMA • Modern microprocessors • Embedded technology • Discussion on microprocessors Input Memory CPU Output

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