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Construction Terminology Guide for Building Projects

Enhance your construction knowledge with this comprehensive guide featuring terms like footing, sheathing, and specifications in the building industry. Learn about key elements such as grade beams, casement windows, and ridgeboards. Perfect for beginners and professionals alike.

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Construction Terminology Guide for Building Projects

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  1. CADD Part III Unit 1

  2. Construction Terms • Footing • Poured concrete base upon which the foundation wall rests. • Sheathing • The rough boarding or covering over the framing of a house. • Soleplate • The horizontal member of a frame wall

  3. Construction Terms • Grade beam • A horizontal member that is between two supporting piers at or below grade and that supports a wall or a structure above. • Gable • The triangular end of a gable-roofed house. • Balloon frame • A type of wood framing in which the studs extend from sill to eaves without interruption.

  4. Construction Terms • Batting • A type of insulation designed to be installed between framing members. • Specifications • The written instructions that accompany a set of working drawings.

  5. Construction Terms • Water closet • A toilet. • Built-up roof • A roofing composed of layers of felt impregnated with pitch, coal tar, or asphalt. • The top is finished with crushed stone or minerals. • It is used on flat or low-pitched roofs.

  6. Construction Terms • Casement window • A window with one or two sashes that hinge on their sides. • They may open either in or out. • Web • The member between the flanges of a steel beam, or the vertical and diagonal members between the top and bottom chords of a truss or bar joist.

  7. Construction Terms • Casing • The trim around a window or door opening. • Wythe • Pertaining to a single-width masonry wall. • Wainscot • The surfacing on the lower part of an interior wall that is finished differently from the remainder of the wall.

  8. Construction Terms • Cavity wall • A masonry wall having a 2" air space between brick wythes. • Rafter • A roof structural member running from the wall plate to the ridge. • There are jack, hip, valley, and common rafters. • The structural members of a flat roof are usually called roof joists.

  9. Construction Terms • Valley rafter • The diagonal rafter at the intersection oftwo intersecting, sloping roofs. • Ridge • The top edge of a roof where two slopes meet. • Ridgeboard • The highest horizontal member in a gable

  10. Construction Terms • Chord • The lower horizontal member of a truss. • Run • The horizontal distance of a flight of stairs, or the horizontal distance from the outer wall to the ridge of a roof. • Rise • The vertical height of a roof or stairs.

  11. Construction Terms • Pitch • The slope of a roof, usually expressed as a ratio. • Plywood • A relatively thin building material made by gluing layers of wood together. • Post-and-beam construction • A type of building frame in which roof and floor beams rest directly over wall posts.

  12. Construction Terms • Column • A vertical supporting member. • Concrete masonry unit (C.M. U.) • A concrete block extruded from cement, aggregate, and water • Plumb • Said of an object when it is in true vertical position as determined by a plumb bob or a vertical level.

  13. Construction Terms • Coping • A cap or top course of masonry on a wall to prevent moisture penetration. • Cornice • The molded projection of the roof overhang at the top of a wall. • Nominal size • The size of lumber before dressing, rather than its actual size.

  14. Construction Terms • Crawl space • The shallow space below the floor of a house built above the ground. • Generally, it is surrounded with the foundation wall. • Nonbearing wall • A wall supporting no load other than its own weight.

  15. Construction Terms • Bearing wall • A wall that supports a weight above in addition to its own weight. • Curtain wall • An exterior wall that provides no structural support. • On-center • A method of indicating the spacing between framing members by stating the measurement from the center of one member to the center of the succeeding one.

  16. Construction Terms • Partition • A wall that divides areas within a building. • Blocking • Small wood pieces in wood framing to anchor or support other major members. • Flitch beam • A built-up beam formed by a metal plate sandwiched between two wood members and bolted together for additional length.

  17. Construction Terms • Floor joist • Structural member of a floor. • King post • The center upright strut in a truss. • Moisture barrier • A sheet material that retards moisture penetration into walls, floors, ceilings, and so on.

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